Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES

Abstract Background The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR), a biomarker of lipid metabolism, has been used to predict cardiovascular disease incidence. However, its association with early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains uncl...

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Main Authors: Pengfei Ta, Wei Guo, Baishun Li, Chunlei Xiao, Ke Liu, Shudong Zhang, Ruotao Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01048-1
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author Pengfei Ta
Wei Guo
Baishun Li
Chunlei Xiao
Ke Liu
Shudong Zhang
Ruotao Xiao
author_facet Pengfei Ta
Wei Guo
Baishun Li
Chunlei Xiao
Ke Liu
Shudong Zhang
Ruotao Xiao
author_sort Pengfei Ta
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR), a biomarker of lipid metabolism, has been used to predict cardiovascular disease incidence. However, its association with early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NHHR and the risk of early-onset BPH. Methods Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States between 2005 and 2008. NHHR was calculated as the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association after adjusting for potential confounders. Results A total of 530 participants were included, with a median onset age of 60 years. Participants were divided into early-onset and late-onset BPH groups based on the median age. The early-onset group had higher rates of current smoking, education level, poverty-income ratio (PIR), BMI, NHHR, and total cholesterol compared to the late-onset group. After full adjustment, elevated NHHR was significantly associated with increased odds of early-onset BPH (OR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.09–1.68; P = 0.010). Additionally, higher NHHR was associated with a younger age of BPH onset (exp(β) = 0.17; 95% CI 0.07–0.42; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that this association was observed in most subgroups. Conclusion Elevated NHHR is positively associated with early-onset BPH. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the role of lipid metabolism in prostate disease.
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spelling doaj-art-eb131469f2f64e2f8cd2f3cd5655fd5f2025-08-24T11:35:32ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-08-014411910.1186/s41043-025-01048-1Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANESPengfei Ta0Wei Guo1Baishun Li2Chunlei Xiao3Ke Liu4Shudong Zhang5Ruotao Xiao6Department of Urology, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Urology, Yan’an Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalDepartment of Urology, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People’s HospitalDepartment of Urology, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Urology, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Urology, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Urology, Peking University Third HospitalAbstract Background The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR), a biomarker of lipid metabolism, has been used to predict cardiovascular disease incidence. However, its association with early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NHHR and the risk of early-onset BPH. Methods Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States between 2005 and 2008. NHHR was calculated as the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association after adjusting for potential confounders. Results A total of 530 participants were included, with a median onset age of 60 years. Participants were divided into early-onset and late-onset BPH groups based on the median age. The early-onset group had higher rates of current smoking, education level, poverty-income ratio (PIR), BMI, NHHR, and total cholesterol compared to the late-onset group. After full adjustment, elevated NHHR was significantly associated with increased odds of early-onset BPH (OR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.09–1.68; P = 0.010). Additionally, higher NHHR was associated with a younger age of BPH onset (exp(β) = 0.17; 95% CI 0.07–0.42; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that this association was observed in most subgroups. Conclusion Elevated NHHR is positively associated with early-onset BPH. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the role of lipid metabolism in prostate disease.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01048-1Lipid metabolismProstatic hyperplasiaNutrition surveysCross-sectional studies
spellingShingle Pengfei Ta
Wei Guo
Baishun Li
Chunlei Xiao
Ke Liu
Shudong Zhang
Ruotao Xiao
Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Lipid metabolism
Prostatic hyperplasia
Nutrition surveys
Cross-sectional studies
title Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES
title_full Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES
title_fullStr Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES
title_full_unstemmed Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES
title_short Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and early-onset benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES
title_sort association between the non high density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio nhhr and early onset benign prostatic hyperplasia a cross sectional analysis based on nhanes
topic Lipid metabolism
Prostatic hyperplasia
Nutrition surveys
Cross-sectional studies
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01048-1
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