The Combined Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Metals, and Behavioral and Social Factors on Depressive Symptoms

The Combined Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Metals, and Behavioral and Social Factors on Depressive Symptoms

<i>Background:</i> This study investigates the combined effects of PFAS metals (PFOA and PFOS), heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and mercury), behavioral factors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and social factors (income and education) on depressive symptoms. <i>Methods:</i> U...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Olamide Ogundare, Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Medical Sciences
Subjects:
Bayesian
mixtures
epidemiology
health
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/2/69
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