HO 2 Generation Above Sprite‐Producing Thunderstorms Derived from Low‐Noise SMILES Observation Spectra

Abstract No direct observational evidence of sprite‐produced active radicals has been presented owing to the difficulty of observing a small event area in the nighttime mesosphere, whereas sprite chemical models have indicated that sprite discharge locally affects the atmospheric composition. We pre...

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Main Authors: T. Yamada, T. O. Sato, T. Adachi, H. Winkler, K. Kuribayashi, R. Larsson, N. Yoshida, Y. Takahashi, M. Sato, A. B. Chen, R. R. Hsu, Y. Nakano, T. Fujinawa, S. Nara, Y. Uchiyama, Y. Kasai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-02-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085529
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Summary:Abstract No direct observational evidence of sprite‐produced active radicals has been presented owing to the difficulty of observing a small event area in the nighttime mesosphere, whereas sprite chemical models have indicated that sprite discharge locally affects the atmospheric composition. We present the first observational evidence of a HO 2 production above sprite‐producing thunderstorms from the coincidence of temporal‐spatial observations of HO 2 spectra, sprite events, and thunderstorms by two space instruments, a submillimeter‐wave limb spectrometer and ultraviolet/visible Imager and a ground‐based very low frequency radiation lightning detection network. A total of three areas was identified with enhanced HO 2 levels of approximately 10 25 molecules. A chemical sprite model indicates an increase in HO 2 in the considered altitude region; however, the predicted production due to a single sprite event is smaller than the observed enhancement. Our observational results suggest that sprites potentially contribute 1% of nighttime background HO 2 generation at altitudes of 75–80 km globally.
ISSN:0094-8276
1944-8007