Biophysical, Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Pre-Hispanic Terraces of the Ancient City of Pisaq, Cusco, Peru, 2024
The aim of the research is to examine the biophysical, spatial, functional, and structural components of the pre-Hispanic terracing systems located in the ancient city of Pisaq, considering the impacts of tourism, geological instability, and cultural loss on the ecological and economic value of the...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Heritage |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/7/12/303 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850241312446480384 |
|---|---|
| author | Francis Huaman Doris Esenarro Jesus Prado Meza Jesica Vilchez Cairo Carlos Vargas Beltran Crayla Alfaro Aucca Cecilia Arriola Valeria Peña Calle |
| author_facet | Francis Huaman Doris Esenarro Jesus Prado Meza Jesica Vilchez Cairo Carlos Vargas Beltran Crayla Alfaro Aucca Cecilia Arriola Valeria Peña Calle |
| author_sort | Francis Huaman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the research is to examine the biophysical, spatial, functional, and structural components of the pre-Hispanic terracing systems located in the ancient city of Pisaq, considering the impacts of tourism, geological instability, and cultural loss on the ecological and economic value of the terracing system. The methodology includes site analysis, climatology, and an examination of local flora and fauna, supported by digital tools such as QGIS 3.34, Google Earth Pro 2024, and Sun-Path. The results were primarily supported by the use of software tools such as QGIS, AutoCAD 2023, SketchUp 2022, 3D Sun-Path, D5 Render 2024, and Photoshop 2021. The findings include a biophysical analysis related to ecological and economic zoning (EEZ), which determines variables for preservation and reforestation; a spatial analysis measuring the cultivation terraces, with areas ranging from 4.89 ha to 110.20 ha; a functional analysis examining geophysical aspects such as seismic resistance and microclimate effects due to the greenhouse effect; and a constructive analysis that characterizes terrace typologies from an architectural perspective. In conclusion, this analysis evaluates the terracing system of the archaeological park to ensure its preservation and effective management. It also highlights that Inca culture has left a legacy of sustainable architecture, which aligns with the current Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (6, 11, 13, 15). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb074877ce4c42f4b26e69a41a4b7d9c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2571-9408 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heritage |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb074877ce4c42f4b26e69a41a4b7d9c2025-08-20T02:00:38ZengMDPI AGHeritage2571-94082024-11-017126526656510.3390/heritage7120303Biophysical, Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Pre-Hispanic Terraces of the Ancient City of Pisaq, Cusco, Peru, 2024Francis Huaman0Doris Esenarro1Jesus Prado Meza2Jesica Vilchez Cairo3Carlos Vargas Beltran4Crayla Alfaro Aucca5Cecilia Arriola6Valeria Peña Calle7Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ricardo Palma University (URP), Santiago de Surco, Lima 15039, PeruFaculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ricardo Palma University (URP), Santiago de Surco, Lima 15039, PeruFaculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ricardo Palma University (URP), Santiago de Surco, Lima 15039, PeruFaculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ricardo Palma University (URP), Santiago de Surco, Lima 15039, PeruFaculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Jesús María, Lima 15072, PeruFaculty of Engineering and Architecture, Architecture, Universidad Andina del Cusco (UAC), San Jeronimo, Cusco 08006, PeruFaculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ricardo Palma University (URP), Santiago de Surco, Lima 15039, PeruFaculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ricardo Palma University (URP), Santiago de Surco, Lima 15039, PeruThe aim of the research is to examine the biophysical, spatial, functional, and structural components of the pre-Hispanic terracing systems located in the ancient city of Pisaq, considering the impacts of tourism, geological instability, and cultural loss on the ecological and economic value of the terracing system. The methodology includes site analysis, climatology, and an examination of local flora and fauna, supported by digital tools such as QGIS 3.34, Google Earth Pro 2024, and Sun-Path. The results were primarily supported by the use of software tools such as QGIS, AutoCAD 2023, SketchUp 2022, 3D Sun-Path, D5 Render 2024, and Photoshop 2021. The findings include a biophysical analysis related to ecological and economic zoning (EEZ), which determines variables for preservation and reforestation; a spatial analysis measuring the cultivation terraces, with areas ranging from 4.89 ha to 110.20 ha; a functional analysis examining geophysical aspects such as seismic resistance and microclimate effects due to the greenhouse effect; and a constructive analysis that characterizes terrace typologies from an architectural perspective. In conclusion, this analysis evaluates the terracing system of the archaeological park to ensure its preservation and effective management. It also highlights that Inca culture has left a legacy of sustainable architecture, which aligns with the current Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (6, 11, 13, 15).https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/7/12/303biophysical analysisspatialfunctionaly constructivePisaqarchaeological site |
| spellingShingle | Francis Huaman Doris Esenarro Jesus Prado Meza Jesica Vilchez Cairo Carlos Vargas Beltran Crayla Alfaro Aucca Cecilia Arriola Valeria Peña Calle Biophysical, Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Pre-Hispanic Terraces of the Ancient City of Pisaq, Cusco, Peru, 2024 Heritage biophysical analysis spatial functional y constructive Pisaq archaeological site |
| title | Biophysical, Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Pre-Hispanic Terraces of the Ancient City of Pisaq, Cusco, Peru, 2024 |
| title_full | Biophysical, Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Pre-Hispanic Terraces of the Ancient City of Pisaq, Cusco, Peru, 2024 |
| title_fullStr | Biophysical, Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Pre-Hispanic Terraces of the Ancient City of Pisaq, Cusco, Peru, 2024 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biophysical, Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Pre-Hispanic Terraces of the Ancient City of Pisaq, Cusco, Peru, 2024 |
| title_short | Biophysical, Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Pre-Hispanic Terraces of the Ancient City of Pisaq, Cusco, Peru, 2024 |
| title_sort | biophysical spatial functional and constructive analysis of the pre hispanic terraces of the ancient city of pisaq cusco peru 2024 |
| topic | biophysical analysis spatial functional y constructive Pisaq archaeological site |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/7/12/303 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francishuaman biophysicalspatialfunctionalandconstructiveanalysisoftheprehispanicterracesoftheancientcityofpisaqcuscoperu2024 AT dorisesenarro biophysicalspatialfunctionalandconstructiveanalysisoftheprehispanicterracesoftheancientcityofpisaqcuscoperu2024 AT jesuspradomeza biophysicalspatialfunctionalandconstructiveanalysisoftheprehispanicterracesoftheancientcityofpisaqcuscoperu2024 AT jesicavilchezcairo biophysicalspatialfunctionalandconstructiveanalysisoftheprehispanicterracesoftheancientcityofpisaqcuscoperu2024 AT carlosvargasbeltran biophysicalspatialfunctionalandconstructiveanalysisoftheprehispanicterracesoftheancientcityofpisaqcuscoperu2024 AT craylaalfaroaucca biophysicalspatialfunctionalandconstructiveanalysisoftheprehispanicterracesoftheancientcityofpisaqcuscoperu2024 AT ceciliaarriola biophysicalspatialfunctionalandconstructiveanalysisoftheprehispanicterracesoftheancientcityofpisaqcuscoperu2024 AT valeriapenacalle biophysicalspatialfunctionalandconstructiveanalysisoftheprehispanicterracesoftheancientcityofpisaqcuscoperu2024 |