Malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage model approach
Abstract Background Ethiopia has enormous potential for malt barley production. However, the local supply is insufficient to meet the demand for both the existing and emerging malt and beer factories. As a result, millions of dollars were being spent nationally to import malt. This study sought to u...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Agriculture & Food Security |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-025-00531-6 |
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| author | Dejene Mamo Workie Workalemahu Tasew Beneberu Teferra |
| author_facet | Dejene Mamo Workie Workalemahu Tasew Beneberu Teferra |
| author_sort | Dejene Mamo Workie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Ethiopia has enormous potential for malt barley production. However, the local supply is insufficient to meet the demand for both the existing and emerging malt and beer factories. As a result, millions of dollars were being spent nationally to import malt. This study sought to underscore the factors influencing smallholder farmers' decision to participate in malt barley marketing and the level of participation in Central Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select representative sample households. Descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage model were used to analyze the data. Results The result of the probit model revealed that malt barley producer farmers' decision to participate in the malt barley grain market was determined by age and formal education level, malt barley farming experience, amount of malt barley grain produced, total livestock holding, distance from local cooperative and nearest market and household access to enough stable food; whereas, the ordinary least squares regression results indicated that malt barley producer farmers' level of participation in the malt barley grain market was determined by the formal education level of the household head, total livestock holding, and distance from the local cooperative. Conclusions The policy recommendation of the study were raising farmers' awareness of malt barley quality parameters, organize producer farmers in nearby agricultural cooperatives, creating suitable transportation system, attractive grain prices, alternative stable food crops and forages species. In addition, collaborating with young and educated people will enhance malt barley output and market supply. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb06be3f916c456580eabdd01b1f8bab |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2048-7010 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture & Food Security |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb06be3f916c456580eabdd01b1f8bab2025-08-20T04:01:40ZengBMCAgriculture & Food Security2048-70102025-07-0114111310.1186/s40066-025-00531-6Malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage model approachDejene Mamo Workie0Workalemahu Tasew1Beneberu Teferra2Agricultural Extension Researcher, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research CenterAgricultural Economics, Hawassa University College of AgricultureAgricultural Economics Researcher, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research CenterAbstract Background Ethiopia has enormous potential for malt barley production. However, the local supply is insufficient to meet the demand for both the existing and emerging malt and beer factories. As a result, millions of dollars were being spent nationally to import malt. This study sought to underscore the factors influencing smallholder farmers' decision to participate in malt barley marketing and the level of participation in Central Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select representative sample households. Descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage model were used to analyze the data. Results The result of the probit model revealed that malt barley producer farmers' decision to participate in the malt barley grain market was determined by age and formal education level, malt barley farming experience, amount of malt barley grain produced, total livestock holding, distance from local cooperative and nearest market and household access to enough stable food; whereas, the ordinary least squares regression results indicated that malt barley producer farmers' level of participation in the malt barley grain market was determined by the formal education level of the household head, total livestock holding, and distance from the local cooperative. Conclusions The policy recommendation of the study were raising farmers' awareness of malt barley quality parameters, organize producer farmers in nearby agricultural cooperatives, creating suitable transportation system, attractive grain prices, alternative stable food crops and forages species. In addition, collaborating with young and educated people will enhance malt barley output and market supply.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-025-00531-6FarmersHeckman two-stageMalt barleyMarket participationSmallholder |
| spellingShingle | Dejene Mamo Workie Workalemahu Tasew Beneberu Teferra Malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage model approach Agriculture & Food Security Farmers Heckman two-stage Malt barley Market participation Smallholder |
| title | Malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage model approach |
| title_full | Malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage model approach |
| title_fullStr | Malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage model approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage model approach |
| title_short | Malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage model approach |
| title_sort | malt barley grain market participation and level of participation by smallholder farmers in central ethiopia a heckman two stage model approach |
| topic | Farmers Heckman two-stage Malt barley Market participation Smallholder |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-025-00531-6 |
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