The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next?
<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> remains the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and bacterial meningitis in children worldwide. In addition to pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs), such as bacteremia and meningitis, pose a significant burden, particularly...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Lale Ozisik |
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| author_sort | Lale Ozisik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> remains the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and bacterial meningitis in children worldwide. In addition to pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs), such as bacteremia and meningitis, pose a significant burden, particularly among older adults and individuals with underlying comorbidities. These diseases lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal vaccination has been a cornerstone of disease prevention, reducing incidence and antimicrobial resistance. Recent advances in understanding <i>S. pneumoniae</i> epidemiology, genomic diversity, and the real-world impact of conjugate vaccines have driven the development and licensure of new-generation pneumococcal vaccines with expanded serotype coverage. Introducing 15-valent (PCV15), 20-valent (PCV20), and 21-valent (PCV21) conjugate vaccines has reshaped pneumococcal immunization strategies, particularly in adults, replacing previous sequential vaccine recommendations in many settings. In parallel, emerging epidemiological data and shifts in pneumococcal serotype distribution continue to influence vaccine policy decisions and immunization guidelines worldwide. In light of these advancements, adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations continuously evolve to enhance protection in high-risk populations and optimize long-term immunity. This review provides an updated overview of the pneumococcal disease burden, the evolution of pneumococcal vaccines, and the latest immunization strategies in an expanding vaccine landscape. Additionally, we discuss future directions in pneumococcal vaccine development and the potential impact of novel vaccination approaches on public health outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eaff0413f66845b1a7cc45e66c7a616d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-eaff0413f66845b1a7cc45e66c7a616d2025-08-20T03:12:14ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-05-0113549810.3390/vaccines13050498The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next?Lale Ozisik0Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Türkiye<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> remains the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and bacterial meningitis in children worldwide. In addition to pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs), such as bacteremia and meningitis, pose a significant burden, particularly among older adults and individuals with underlying comorbidities. These diseases lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal vaccination has been a cornerstone of disease prevention, reducing incidence and antimicrobial resistance. Recent advances in understanding <i>S. pneumoniae</i> epidemiology, genomic diversity, and the real-world impact of conjugate vaccines have driven the development and licensure of new-generation pneumococcal vaccines with expanded serotype coverage. Introducing 15-valent (PCV15), 20-valent (PCV20), and 21-valent (PCV21) conjugate vaccines has reshaped pneumococcal immunization strategies, particularly in adults, replacing previous sequential vaccine recommendations in many settings. In parallel, emerging epidemiological data and shifts in pneumococcal serotype distribution continue to influence vaccine policy decisions and immunization guidelines worldwide. In light of these advancements, adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations continuously evolve to enhance protection in high-risk populations and optimize long-term immunity. This review provides an updated overview of the pneumococcal disease burden, the evolution of pneumococcal vaccines, and the latest immunization strategies in an expanding vaccine landscape. Additionally, we discuss future directions in pneumococcal vaccine development and the potential impact of novel vaccination approaches on public health outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/498<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>pneumococcal diseasepneumococcal vaccinepneumococcal vaccine recommendationsadult vaccination15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Lale Ozisik The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next? Vaccines <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> pneumococcal disease pneumococcal vaccine pneumococcal vaccine recommendations adult vaccination 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine |
| title | The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next? |
| title_full | The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next? |
| title_fullStr | The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next? |
| title_full_unstemmed | The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next? |
| title_short | The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next? |
| title_sort | new era of pneumococcal vaccination in adults what is next |
| topic | <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> pneumococcal disease pneumococcal vaccine pneumococcal vaccine recommendations adult vaccination 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/498 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT laleozisik theneweraofpneumococcalvaccinationinadultswhatisnext AT laleozisik neweraofpneumococcalvaccinationinadultswhatisnext |