Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure

Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure

Abstract This updated risk assessment evaluated evidence on potential adverse health effects of fluoride related to all sources of oral exposure as mandated by the European Commission. Fluoride benefit assessment was not included. Effects on the central nervous system, thyroid and bone were prioriti...

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Main Authors: EFSA Scientific Committee, Susanne Hougaard Bennekou, Ana Allende, Angela Bearth, Josep Casacuberta, Laurence Castle, Tamara Coja, Amélie Crépet, Ron Hoogenboom, Helle Knutsen, Claude Lambré, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Dominique Turck, Antonio Vicent Civera, Roberto Villa, Holger Zorn, Jacqueline Castenmiller, Karlien Cheyns, Keyvin Darney, Mary Gilbert, Jean‐Charles Leblanc, Haakon Meyer, Evangelia Ntzani, Martin Paparella, Marco Vinceti, Heather Wallace, Maria Anastassiadou, Maria Bastaki, Irene Cattaneo, Luna Greco, Anna Lanzoni, Francesca Riolo, Olaf Mosbach‐Schulz, Andrea Terron, Thorhallur Halldorsson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:EFSA Journal
Subjects:
bone
CNS
dental health
developmental neurotoxicity (DNT)
exposure assessment
fluoridation
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9478
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