Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer

Abstract BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer correlates with poor prognosis and limited response to standard treatments. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF/MEK inhibitors shows promise against BRAF-mutant melanoma in both preclinical and clinical trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that the...

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Main Authors: Eunyoung Tak, Hye-In An, Amy Sinyoung Lee, Kyuyoung Han, Jiwan Choi, Hyung-don Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Sun Young Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Jeong Eun Kim, Tae Won Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04005-3
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author Eunyoung Tak
Hye-In An
Amy Sinyoung Lee
Kyuyoung Han
Jiwan Choi
Hyung-don Kim
Yong Sang Hong
Sun Young Kim
Eun Kyung Choi
Jeong Eun Kim
Tae Won Kim
author_facet Eunyoung Tak
Hye-In An
Amy Sinyoung Lee
Kyuyoung Han
Jiwan Choi
Hyung-don Kim
Yong Sang Hong
Sun Young Kim
Eun Kyung Choi
Jeong Eun Kim
Tae Won Kim
author_sort Eunyoung Tak
collection DOAJ
description Abstract BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer correlates with poor prognosis and limited response to standard treatments. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF/MEK inhibitors shows promise against BRAF-mutant melanoma in both preclinical and clinical trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that the treatment would be effective against BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancers. We treated BRAF V600E colorectal cancer cells HT-29 and SNU-1235 with encorafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and binimetinib (MEK inhibitor) and assessed the degrees of MAPK inhibition, JAK/STAT inhibition, cell viability, apoptosis, and the expression of antigen presenting machinery. We also inoculated HT-29 cells into mice and treated them with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (durvalumab), encorafenib, and binimetinib for 4 weeks. We found that treatment with BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor, or their combination led to significant tumor growth reduction, along with the MAPK and JAK/STAT pathway inhibition, antigen presenting machinery induction, and cytotoxic T cell activation. Our study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF or MEK inhibitors for BRAF-mutated colorectal cancers.
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spelling doaj-art-eaf8542d93c04d52921cbdf2f6a8cd6b2025-08-20T02:10:50ZengSpringerCancer Immunology, Immunotherapy1432-08512025-03-0174511410.1007/s00262-025-04005-3Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancerEunyoung Tak0Hye-In An1Amy Sinyoung Lee2Kyuyoung Han3Jiwan Choi4Hyung-don Kim5Yong Sang Hong6Sun Young Kim7Eun Kyung Choi8Jeong Eun Kim9Tae Won Kim10Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeutiX, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of MedicineAbstract BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer correlates with poor prognosis and limited response to standard treatments. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF/MEK inhibitors shows promise against BRAF-mutant melanoma in both preclinical and clinical trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that the treatment would be effective against BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancers. We treated BRAF V600E colorectal cancer cells HT-29 and SNU-1235 with encorafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and binimetinib (MEK inhibitor) and assessed the degrees of MAPK inhibition, JAK/STAT inhibition, cell viability, apoptosis, and the expression of antigen presenting machinery. We also inoculated HT-29 cells into mice and treated them with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (durvalumab), encorafenib, and binimetinib for 4 weeks. We found that treatment with BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor, or their combination led to significant tumor growth reduction, along with the MAPK and JAK/STAT pathway inhibition, antigen presenting machinery induction, and cytotoxic T cell activation. Our study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF or MEK inhibitors for BRAF-mutated colorectal cancers.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04005-3BRAF V600EBRAF inhibitorMEK inhibitorAnti-PD-L1Immunotherapy
spellingShingle Eunyoung Tak
Hye-In An
Amy Sinyoung Lee
Kyuyoung Han
Jiwan Choi
Hyung-don Kim
Yong Sang Hong
Sun Young Kim
Eun Kyung Choi
Jeong Eun Kim
Tae Won Kim
Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
BRAF V600E
BRAF inhibitor
MEK inhibitor
Anti-PD-L1
Immunotherapy
title Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer
title_full Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer
title_fullStr Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer
title_full_unstemmed Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer
title_short Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer
title_sort antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with braf and mek inhibitors in braf v600e metastatic colorectal cancer
topic BRAF V600E
BRAF inhibitor
MEK inhibitor
Anti-PD-L1
Immunotherapy
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04005-3
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