Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer

Abstract BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer correlates with poor prognosis and limited response to standard treatments. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF/MEK inhibitors shows promise against BRAF-mutant melanoma in both preclinical and clinical trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that the...

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Main Authors: Eunyoung Tak, Hye-In An, Amy Sinyoung Lee, Kyuyoung Han, Jiwan Choi, Hyung-don Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Sun Young Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Jeong Eun Kim, Tae Won Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04005-3
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Summary:Abstract BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer correlates with poor prognosis and limited response to standard treatments. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF/MEK inhibitors shows promise against BRAF-mutant melanoma in both preclinical and clinical trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that the treatment would be effective against BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancers. We treated BRAF V600E colorectal cancer cells HT-29 and SNU-1235 with encorafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and binimetinib (MEK inhibitor) and assessed the degrees of MAPK inhibition, JAK/STAT inhibition, cell viability, apoptosis, and the expression of antigen presenting machinery. We also inoculated HT-29 cells into mice and treated them with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (durvalumab), encorafenib, and binimetinib for 4 weeks. We found that treatment with BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor, or their combination led to significant tumor growth reduction, along with the MAPK and JAK/STAT pathway inhibition, antigen presenting machinery induction, and cytotoxic T cell activation. Our study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF or MEK inhibitors for BRAF-mutated colorectal cancers.
ISSN:1432-0851