Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity system

Electric vehicle (EV) batteries have a proven flexibility potential which could serve as an alternative to conventional electricity storage solutions. EV batteries could support the balancing of supply and demand, and the integration of variable renewable energy into the electricity system. The flex...

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Main Authors: Tobias Verheugen Hvidsten, Maximilian Roithner, Fred Espen Benth, Marianne Zeyringer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ade0e6
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author Tobias Verheugen Hvidsten
Maximilian Roithner
Fred Espen Benth
Marianne Zeyringer
author_facet Tobias Verheugen Hvidsten
Maximilian Roithner
Fred Espen Benth
Marianne Zeyringer
author_sort Tobias Verheugen Hvidsten
collection DOAJ
description Electric vehicle (EV) batteries have a proven flexibility potential which could serve as an alternative to conventional electricity storage solutions. EV batteries could support the balancing of supply and demand, and the integration of variable renewable energy into the electricity system. The flexibility potential from EVs, in distinction to conventional battery storage, depends on the vehicle user’s willingness and opportunity to make their vehicle available for flexibility. This rate of participation is often not considered in modelling studies, despite the impact EV flexibility could have on the electricity system. This work presents a modelling study of the Norwegian electricity system using the high spatial and temporal resolution electricity system model (highRES). Two different charging strategies for EVs, flexible charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G), are optimised in conjunction with the design and dispatch of the electricity system. By varying the rate of participation in the charging strategies we demonstrate their benefits for a future net-zero electricity system. Our findings show EVs’ potential to eliminate the need for stationary battery storage with just 50% participation in V2G. In addition, we find that the EV flexibility contributes to reductions in the total system cost by almost 4% and 15% assuming 100% participation in flexible charging and V2G, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-eaf80cb5b8914b059fa05d20826c66c12025-08-20T02:35:13ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability2634-45052025-01-015202501910.1088/2634-4505/ade0e6Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity systemTobias Verheugen Hvidsten0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6470-4798Maximilian Roithner1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5232-1996Fred Espen Benth2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-6811Marianne Zeyringer3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-1878Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo , Kjeller, NorwayDepartment of Technology Systems, University of Oslo , Kjeller, NorwayDepartment of Mathematics, University of Oslo , Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Technology Systems, University of Oslo , Kjeller, NorwayElectric vehicle (EV) batteries have a proven flexibility potential which could serve as an alternative to conventional electricity storage solutions. EV batteries could support the balancing of supply and demand, and the integration of variable renewable energy into the electricity system. The flexibility potential from EVs, in distinction to conventional battery storage, depends on the vehicle user’s willingness and opportunity to make their vehicle available for flexibility. This rate of participation is often not considered in modelling studies, despite the impact EV flexibility could have on the electricity system. This work presents a modelling study of the Norwegian electricity system using the high spatial and temporal resolution electricity system model (highRES). Two different charging strategies for EVs, flexible charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G), are optimised in conjunction with the design and dispatch of the electricity system. By varying the rate of participation in the charging strategies we demonstrate their benefits for a future net-zero electricity system. Our findings show EVs’ potential to eliminate the need for stationary battery storage with just 50% participation in V2G. In addition, we find that the EV flexibility contributes to reductions in the total system cost by almost 4% and 15% assuming 100% participation in flexible charging and V2G, respectively.https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ade0e6electric vehiclesflexible chargingvehicle-to-gridelectricity system
spellingShingle Tobias Verheugen Hvidsten
Maximilian Roithner
Fred Espen Benth
Marianne Zeyringer
Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity system
Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability
electric vehicles
flexible charging
vehicle-to-grid
electricity system
title Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity system
title_full Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity system
title_fullStr Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity system
title_full_unstemmed Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity system
title_short Driving towards net-zero: the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future Norwegian electricity system
title_sort driving towards net zero the impact of electric vehicle flexibility participation on a future norwegian electricity system
topic electric vehicles
flexible charging
vehicle-to-grid
electricity system
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ade0e6
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