Does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice? A reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseases

Aminotransferases, particularly alanine aminotransferase (ALT), are commonly used in the detection, diagnosis, and management of chronic liver diseases. ALT, a sensitive and cost-effective marker of liver injury, remains pivotal in predicting clinical outcomes and guiding interventions in several ch...

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Main Authors: Patrizia Burra, Calogero Cammà, Pietro Invernizzi, Fabio Marra, Maurizio Pompili
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Annals of Hepatology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268125001243
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author Patrizia Burra
Calogero Cammà
Pietro Invernizzi
Fabio Marra
Maurizio Pompili
author_facet Patrizia Burra
Calogero Cammà
Pietro Invernizzi
Fabio Marra
Maurizio Pompili
author_sort Patrizia Burra
collection DOAJ
description Aminotransferases, particularly alanine aminotransferase (ALT), are commonly used in the detection, diagnosis, and management of chronic liver diseases. ALT, a sensitive and cost-effective marker of liver injury, remains pivotal in predicting clinical outcomes and guiding interventions in several chronic liver diseases including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and chronic viral hepatitis. This study aims to explore the evolving role of ALT as a biomarker. A comprehensive review of evidence was conducted, focusing on studies evaluating ALT thresholds, diagnostic accuracy, and integration with non-invasive liver assessment tools. Special emphasis was given to novel approaches, including artificial intelligence-driven algorithms. Expert opinions from hepatology care perspectives were considered to assess the practical implications of refining ALT-based diagnostic strategies. ALT levels are influenced by diverse factors such as age, gender, and metabolic risks, challenging the use of specific thresholds as biomarker of disease and prognosis. Emerging evidence suggests redefining ALT ranges to enhance sensitivity and accuracy in detecting liver abnormalities. The integration of ALT with advanced non-invasive diagnostic tools, artificial intelligence, and comprehensive patient assessments can optimize early detection of liver disease, thus reducing underdiagnosis, particularly in asymptomatic or vulnerable populations.This work highlights the urgency to tailor the diagnostic approaches in primary and specialised care, ensuring timely and targeted intervention to effectively address the global burden of liver diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-eaf2f00d44ba42bbbd22c38bc7ab8eda2025-08-20T02:04:49ZengElsevierAnnals of Hepatology1665-26812025-01-0130110190010.1016/j.aohep.2025.101900Does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice? A reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseasesPatrizia Burra0Calogero Cammà1Pietro Invernizzi2Fabio Marra3Maurizio Pompili4Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, ItalySection of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Corresponding author.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, A. Gemelli Hospital IRCCS, Rome, ItalyAminotransferases, particularly alanine aminotransferase (ALT), are commonly used in the detection, diagnosis, and management of chronic liver diseases. ALT, a sensitive and cost-effective marker of liver injury, remains pivotal in predicting clinical outcomes and guiding interventions in several chronic liver diseases including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and chronic viral hepatitis. This study aims to explore the evolving role of ALT as a biomarker. A comprehensive review of evidence was conducted, focusing on studies evaluating ALT thresholds, diagnostic accuracy, and integration with non-invasive liver assessment tools. Special emphasis was given to novel approaches, including artificial intelligence-driven algorithms. Expert opinions from hepatology care perspectives were considered to assess the practical implications of refining ALT-based diagnostic strategies. ALT levels are influenced by diverse factors such as age, gender, and metabolic risks, challenging the use of specific thresholds as biomarker of disease and prognosis. Emerging evidence suggests redefining ALT ranges to enhance sensitivity and accuracy in detecting liver abnormalities. The integration of ALT with advanced non-invasive diagnostic tools, artificial intelligence, and comprehensive patient assessments can optimize early detection of liver disease, thus reducing underdiagnosis, particularly in asymptomatic or vulnerable populations.This work highlights the urgency to tailor the diagnostic approaches in primary and specialised care, ensuring timely and targeted intervention to effectively address the global burden of liver diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268125001243AminotransferasesAlanine aminotransferase (ALT)Chronic liver diseaseBiomarkersPrimary care
spellingShingle Patrizia Burra
Calogero Cammà
Pietro Invernizzi
Fabio Marra
Maurizio Pompili
Does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice? A reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseases
Annals of Hepatology
Aminotransferases
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Chronic liver disease
Biomarkers
Primary care
title Does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice? A reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseases
title_full Does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice? A reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseases
title_fullStr Does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice? A reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseases
title_full_unstemmed Does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice? A reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseases
title_short Does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice? A reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseases
title_sort does the hepatologist still need to rely on aminotransferases in clinical practice a reappraisal of the role of a classic biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of chronic liver diseases
topic Aminotransferases
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Chronic liver disease
Biomarkers
Primary care
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268125001243
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