Biostimulant Effects of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in Hydroponic Spinach Production

Using beneficial microorganisms as biostimulants is a promising strategy to enhance crop growth and productivity in hydroponic systems. <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> has demonstrated plant growth-promoting effects in soil cultivation; however, its efficacy in hydroponic Deep-Water Cultur...

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Main Authors: Jared Hernández-Huerta, Brenda I. Guerrero, Angélica Anahí Acevedo-Barrera, Martha Irma Balandrán-Valladares, Rosa María Yañez-Muñoz, Ndahita De Dios-Avila, Aldo Gutiérrez-Chávez
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/3/428
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author Jared Hernández-Huerta
Brenda I. Guerrero
Angélica Anahí Acevedo-Barrera
Martha Irma Balandrán-Valladares
Rosa María Yañez-Muñoz
Ndahita De Dios-Avila
Aldo Gutiérrez-Chávez
author_facet Jared Hernández-Huerta
Brenda I. Guerrero
Angélica Anahí Acevedo-Barrera
Martha Irma Balandrán-Valladares
Rosa María Yañez-Muñoz
Ndahita De Dios-Avila
Aldo Gutiérrez-Chávez
author_sort Jared Hernández-Huerta
collection DOAJ
description Using beneficial microorganisms as biostimulants is a promising strategy to enhance crop growth and productivity in hydroponic systems. <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> has demonstrated plant growth-promoting effects in soil cultivation; however, its efficacy in hydroponic Deep-Water Culture (DWC) systems remains underexplored. This research evaluated the effect of <i>T. asperellum</i> strains TaMFP1 and TaMFP2 on the growth, nutrient uptake, and visual quality of hydroponically grown spinach cv. Stella Plus F-1 (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.). A randomized complete design was used, comparing inoculated plants with a control and a commercial <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> product. After 28 days, the results showed that <i>T. asperellum</i> significantly increased plant height (23.1%), collar diameter (21.8%), root length (39.6%), leaf area (22.0%), number of leaves (18.05), and fresh biomass accumulation (23.5%) compared to non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, inoculation with TaMFP1 improved spinach yield by 34.5%, while nutrient analysis indicated enhanced phosphorus and calcium uptake. No significant changes were observed in photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and the visual quality of the harvested spinach was unaffected. These findings highlight the potential of <i>T. asperellum</i> as a sustainable biostimulant in hydroponic spinach production. These results contribute to developing beneficial microorganism-based strategies to enhance the sustainability of hydroponic agriculture.
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spelling doaj-art-eaf22454bc364004be4cf0a4b9789d6b2025-08-20T03:43:27ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-03-0115342810.3390/life15030428Biostimulant Effects of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in Hydroponic Spinach ProductionJared Hernández-Huerta0Brenda I. Guerrero1Angélica Anahí Acevedo-Barrera2Martha Irma Balandrán-Valladares3Rosa María Yañez-Muñoz4Ndahita De Dios-Avila5Aldo Gutiérrez-Chávez6Department of Agrotechnological Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus 1, Av. Pascual Orozco S/N, Chihuahua 31350, MexicoDepartment of Agrotechnological Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus 1, Av. Pascual Orozco S/N, Chihuahua 31350, MexicoDepartment of Agrotechnological Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus 1, Av. Pascual Orozco S/N, Chihuahua 31350, MexicoDepartment of Agrotechnological Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus 1, Av. Pascual Orozco S/N, Chihuahua 31350, MexicoDepartment of Agrotechnological Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus 1, Av. Pascual Orozco S/N, Chihuahua 31350, MexicoDepartment of Agrotechnological Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus 1, Av. Pascual Orozco S/N, Chihuahua 31350, MexicoDepartment of Agrotechnological Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus 1, Av. Pascual Orozco S/N, Chihuahua 31350, MexicoUsing beneficial microorganisms as biostimulants is a promising strategy to enhance crop growth and productivity in hydroponic systems. <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> has demonstrated plant growth-promoting effects in soil cultivation; however, its efficacy in hydroponic Deep-Water Culture (DWC) systems remains underexplored. This research evaluated the effect of <i>T. asperellum</i> strains TaMFP1 and TaMFP2 on the growth, nutrient uptake, and visual quality of hydroponically grown spinach cv. Stella Plus F-1 (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.). A randomized complete design was used, comparing inoculated plants with a control and a commercial <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> product. After 28 days, the results showed that <i>T. asperellum</i> significantly increased plant height (23.1%), collar diameter (21.8%), root length (39.6%), leaf area (22.0%), number of leaves (18.05), and fresh biomass accumulation (23.5%) compared to non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, inoculation with TaMFP1 improved spinach yield by 34.5%, while nutrient analysis indicated enhanced phosphorus and calcium uptake. No significant changes were observed in photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and the visual quality of the harvested spinach was unaffected. These findings highlight the potential of <i>T. asperellum</i> as a sustainable biostimulant in hydroponic spinach production. These results contribute to developing beneficial microorganism-based strategies to enhance the sustainability of hydroponic agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/3/428hydroponicbiostimulantsspinachfungi
spellingShingle Jared Hernández-Huerta
Brenda I. Guerrero
Angélica Anahí Acevedo-Barrera
Martha Irma Balandrán-Valladares
Rosa María Yañez-Muñoz
Ndahita De Dios-Avila
Aldo Gutiérrez-Chávez
Biostimulant Effects of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in Hydroponic Spinach Production
Life
hydroponic
biostimulants
spinach
fungi
title Biostimulant Effects of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in Hydroponic Spinach Production
title_full Biostimulant Effects of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in Hydroponic Spinach Production
title_fullStr Biostimulant Effects of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in Hydroponic Spinach Production
title_full_unstemmed Biostimulant Effects of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in Hydroponic Spinach Production
title_short Biostimulant Effects of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in Hydroponic Spinach Production
title_sort biostimulant effects of i trichoderma asperellum i in hydroponic spinach production
topic hydroponic
biostimulants
spinach
fungi
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/3/428
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