Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball

Much of modern society is founded on orchestrating institutions that produce social goods by fostering motivated groups, pitting them against each other, and distributing the fruits of the arms races that ensue. In this paper, we explore how institutions may change over time and, using the example o...

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Main Authors: Adam Sawyer, Seth Frey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Social Sciences and Humanities Open
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291125003031
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author Adam Sawyer
Seth Frey
author_facet Adam Sawyer
Seth Frey
author_sort Adam Sawyer
collection DOAJ
description Much of modern society is founded on orchestrating institutions that produce social goods by fostering motivated groups, pitting them against each other, and distributing the fruits of the arms races that ensue. In this paper, we explore how institutions may change over time and, using the example of competitive balance in professional basketball, analyze whether these changes expose institutions to capture by the few or equilibrium among members. Using outcomes of over 60,000 contests from four professional sports leagues, more than 100 years’ worth of seasons, we compute the evolving rate of transitivity violations (A > B, B > C, but C > A) to measure the ability of leagues to maintain parity between teams and support the efficient generation and distribution of innovation. Comparing against a baseline of randomly permuted outcomes, we find that leagues become less competitive over time, suggesting that teams diverge in performance, and reflecting a possible failure of market makers to tame their overpowered teams. Our results suggest that rich-get-richer dynamics are so pernicious that they can even emerge under the watch of a powerful administrator that is motivated to prevent them.
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spelling doaj-art-eaf21a6b355143d7ba2176be703912b62025-08-20T03:30:51ZengElsevierSocial Sciences and Humanities Open2590-29112025-01-011110157510.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101575Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketballAdam Sawyer0Seth Frey1Syracuse University, USAComputational Communication Lab, Department of Communication, University of California Davis, USA; Corresponding author. Kerr Hall 376 UC Davis, 1 Shields Dr, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.Much of modern society is founded on orchestrating institutions that produce social goods by fostering motivated groups, pitting them against each other, and distributing the fruits of the arms races that ensue. In this paper, we explore how institutions may change over time and, using the example of competitive balance in professional basketball, analyze whether these changes expose institutions to capture by the few or equilibrium among members. Using outcomes of over 60,000 contests from four professional sports leagues, more than 100 years’ worth of seasons, we compute the evolving rate of transitivity violations (A > B, B > C, but C > A) to measure the ability of leagues to maintain parity between teams and support the efficient generation and distribution of innovation. Comparing against a baseline of randomly permuted outcomes, we find that leagues become less competitive over time, suggesting that teams diverge in performance, and reflecting a possible failure of market makers to tame their overpowered teams. Our results suggest that rich-get-richer dynamics are so pernicious that they can even emerge under the watch of a powerful administrator that is motivated to prevent them.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291125003031CompetitionMarket captureMatthew effectRegulationRich-get-richerTransitivity
spellingShingle Adam Sawyer
Seth Frey
Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball
Social Sciences and Humanities Open
Competition
Market capture
Matthew effect
Regulation
Rich-get-richer
Transitivity
title Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball
title_full Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball
title_fullStr Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball
title_full_unstemmed Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball
title_short Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball
title_sort super groups or fair leagues rich get richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball
topic Competition
Market capture
Matthew effect
Regulation
Rich-get-richer
Transitivity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291125003031
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AT sethfrey supergroupsorfairleaguesrichgetricherdynamicscandrivecapturedespiteactiveredistributioninprofessionalbasketball