The impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerance
Abstract Aim The primary goal of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the intricate role that VEGF plays in creating an immunologically tolerant milieu in cases of OSCC or oral squamous cell carcinoma. Examining how VEGF affects the behavior and functionality of dendritic cells (DCs)....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Discover Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03012-1 |
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| author | Peng Zhang Yue Xu Bolei Cai Jiaqiang Xu Tao Wang Hongyan Xu |
| author_facet | Peng Zhang Yue Xu Bolei Cai Jiaqiang Xu Tao Wang Hongyan Xu |
| author_sort | Peng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Aim The primary goal of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the intricate role that VEGF plays in creating an immunologically tolerant milieu in cases of OSCC or oral squamous cell carcinoma. Examining how VEGF affects the behavior and functionality of dendritic cells (DCs). Through an examination of the interactions among VEGF, DCs, and the tumor microenvironment. Methods This study investigated the expression of the immunosuppressive markers IDO and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in DCs under the effect of VEGF employing real-time PCR (RT-PCR), flow cytometry and Western blot (WB). Additionally, mixed lymphocyte reactions and tumor cell cytotoxicity assays were conducted to assess functional changes in DCs. Results VEGF exposure led to an upregulation of IDO and PD-L1 in DCs, coupled with reduced T-cell proliferation and altered immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. In vivo studies using mice models further substantiated the role of VEGF in enhancing tumor immune tolerance. Conclusion Our findings elucidate the crucial role of VEGF in OSCC progression by modulating DC function, offering new insights into potential immunotherapeutic strategies targeting VEGF-mediated pathways. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eaefb10d367a41f286bcb2068e9d109d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2730-6011 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-eaefb10d367a41f286bcb2068e9d109d2025-08-20T03:03:28ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-07-011611910.1007/s12672-025-03012-1The impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerancePeng Zhang0Yue Xu1Bolei Cai2Jiaqiang Xu3Tao Wang4Hongyan Xu5Department of Stomatology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityAir Force Medical University Stomatological HospitalDepartment of Stomatology, People’s Hospital of Ningjin CountyDepartment of Stomatology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Stomatology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalAbstract Aim The primary goal of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the intricate role that VEGF plays in creating an immunologically tolerant milieu in cases of OSCC or oral squamous cell carcinoma. Examining how VEGF affects the behavior and functionality of dendritic cells (DCs). Through an examination of the interactions among VEGF, DCs, and the tumor microenvironment. Methods This study investigated the expression of the immunosuppressive markers IDO and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in DCs under the effect of VEGF employing real-time PCR (RT-PCR), flow cytometry and Western blot (WB). Additionally, mixed lymphocyte reactions and tumor cell cytotoxicity assays were conducted to assess functional changes in DCs. Results VEGF exposure led to an upregulation of IDO and PD-L1 in DCs, coupled with reduced T-cell proliferation and altered immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. In vivo studies using mice models further substantiated the role of VEGF in enhancing tumor immune tolerance. Conclusion Our findings elucidate the crucial role of VEGF in OSCC progression by modulating DC function, offering new insights into potential immunotherapeutic strategies targeting VEGF-mediated pathways.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03012-1Vascular endothelial growth factor dendritic cells oral squamous cell carcinomaTumor microenvironment programmed cell death ligand 1 |
| spellingShingle | Peng Zhang Yue Xu Bolei Cai Jiaqiang Xu Tao Wang Hongyan Xu The impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerance Discover Oncology Vascular endothelial growth factor dendritic cells oral squamous cell carcinoma Tumor microenvironment programmed cell death ligand 1 |
| title | The impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerance |
| title_full | The impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerance |
| title_fullStr | The impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerance |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerance |
| title_short | The impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerance |
| title_sort | impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on oral squamous cell carcinoma through dendritic cell induction and facilitation of tumor immune tolerance |
| topic | Vascular endothelial growth factor dendritic cells oral squamous cell carcinoma Tumor microenvironment programmed cell death ligand 1 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03012-1 |
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