A complex role of chromogranin A and its peptides in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections
Chromogranin A (CgA), mostly known as a nonspecific neuroendocrine tumor marker, was the first glycoprotein from the granin family characterized as a prohormone for various bioactive peptides including vasostatin I/II (VS-I, VS-II), catestatin (CST), chromofungin (CHR), pancreastatin (PST), WE-14, a...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1567874/full |
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| author | Maciej Maj Karolina Hernik Kaja Tyszkiewicz Maja Owe-Larsson Alicja Sztokfisz-Ignasiak Jacek Malejczyk Jacek Malejczyk Izabela Janiuk |
| author_facet | Maciej Maj Karolina Hernik Kaja Tyszkiewicz Maja Owe-Larsson Alicja Sztokfisz-Ignasiak Jacek Malejczyk Jacek Malejczyk Izabela Janiuk |
| author_sort | Maciej Maj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chromogranin A (CgA), mostly known as a nonspecific neuroendocrine tumor marker, was the first glycoprotein from the granin family characterized as a prohormone for various bioactive peptides including vasostatin I/II (VS-I, VS-II), catestatin (CST), chromofungin (CHR), pancreastatin (PST), WE-14, and others. CgA and its derivatives present various functions, often antagonistic, in maintaining body homeostasis and influencing the immune system. This review aims to summarize the not fully understood role of CgA and its derivatives in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections. CgA seems to be involved in the complex pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and other conditions where immune system dysfunction plays a role in the onset and development of the disease (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA)). However, the direct immunomodulatory role of CgA is difficult to assess since many of its activities may be linked with its peptides. CST and VS-I are considered anti-inflammatory molecules, due to M2 macrophage polarization stimulation and downregulation of certain proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, PST is reported to stimulate proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization and Th1 lymphocyte response. Thus, the final effects of CgA in inflammation may depend on its cleavage pattern. Additionally, peptides like CST, VS-I, or CHR exert direct antimicrobial/antifungal activities. CgA, WE-14, and other less-known CgA-derived peptides have also been reported to trigger autoimmune responses, highly studied in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Overall, CgA and its derivatives have an interesting but complex role in immunity, however, their specific roles require further research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eaeac729f7814829bfde0ce30086d034 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-eaeac729f7814829bfde0ce30086d0342025-08-20T02:20:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-04-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15678741567874A complex role of chromogranin A and its peptides in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infectionsMaciej Maj0Karolina Hernik1Kaja Tyszkiewicz2Maja Owe-Larsson3Alicja Sztokfisz-Ignasiak4Jacek Malejczyk5Jacek Malejczyk6Izabela Janiuk7Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, Siedlce, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandChromogranin A (CgA), mostly known as a nonspecific neuroendocrine tumor marker, was the first glycoprotein from the granin family characterized as a prohormone for various bioactive peptides including vasostatin I/II (VS-I, VS-II), catestatin (CST), chromofungin (CHR), pancreastatin (PST), WE-14, and others. CgA and its derivatives present various functions, often antagonistic, in maintaining body homeostasis and influencing the immune system. This review aims to summarize the not fully understood role of CgA and its derivatives in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections. CgA seems to be involved in the complex pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and other conditions where immune system dysfunction plays a role in the onset and development of the disease (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA)). However, the direct immunomodulatory role of CgA is difficult to assess since many of its activities may be linked with its peptides. CST and VS-I are considered anti-inflammatory molecules, due to M2 macrophage polarization stimulation and downregulation of certain proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, PST is reported to stimulate proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization and Th1 lymphocyte response. Thus, the final effects of CgA in inflammation may depend on its cleavage pattern. Additionally, peptides like CST, VS-I, or CHR exert direct antimicrobial/antifungal activities. CgA, WE-14, and other less-known CgA-derived peptides have also been reported to trigger autoimmune responses, highly studied in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Overall, CgA and its derivatives have an interesting but complex role in immunity, however, their specific roles require further research.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1567874/fullautoimmunecatestatin (CST)chromofungin (CHR)chromogranin A (CgA)inflammationpancreastatin (PST) |
| spellingShingle | Maciej Maj Karolina Hernik Kaja Tyszkiewicz Maja Owe-Larsson Alicja Sztokfisz-Ignasiak Jacek Malejczyk Jacek Malejczyk Izabela Janiuk A complex role of chromogranin A and its peptides in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections Frontiers in Immunology autoimmune catestatin (CST) chromofungin (CHR) chromogranin A (CgA) inflammation pancreastatin (PST) |
| title | A complex role of chromogranin A and its peptides in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections |
| title_full | A complex role of chromogranin A and its peptides in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections |
| title_fullStr | A complex role of chromogranin A and its peptides in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | A complex role of chromogranin A and its peptides in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections |
| title_short | A complex role of chromogranin A and its peptides in inflammation, autoimmunity, and infections |
| title_sort | complex role of chromogranin a and its peptides in inflammation autoimmunity and infections |
| topic | autoimmune catestatin (CST) chromofungin (CHR) chromogranin A (CgA) inflammation pancreastatin (PST) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1567874/full |
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