Integrated network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene-induced periodontitis

Abstract Background Environmental pollutants, particularly from air pollution and tobacco smoke, have emerged as significant risk factors. Benzopyrene (BaP), a Group 1 carcinogen, is ubiquitously present in these pollutants, yet its molecular mechanisms in periodontitis remain largely unexplored. Me...

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Main Authors: Wen Wenjie, Li Rui, Zhuo Pengpeng, Deng Chao, Zhang Donglin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-025-00961-9
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author Wen Wenjie
Li Rui
Zhuo Pengpeng
Deng Chao
Zhang Donglin
author_facet Wen Wenjie
Li Rui
Zhuo Pengpeng
Deng Chao
Zhang Donglin
author_sort Wen Wenjie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Environmental pollutants, particularly from air pollution and tobacco smoke, have emerged as significant risk factors. Benzopyrene (BaP), a Group 1 carcinogen, is ubiquitously present in these pollutants, yet its molecular mechanisms in periodontitis remain largely unexplored. Methods We investigated these mechanisms through an integrated approach combining network toxicology, machine learning, and molecular docking analyses. Data from SwissTargetPrediction, CTD databases, and GEO datasets were analyzed to identify potential targets. Three machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and LASSO regression) were applied for core target identification, followed by Molecular docking analyses. Results We identified 11 potential targets associated with BaP-induced periodontitis, primarily involved in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, endoplasmic reticulum function, and cytokine activity, particularly in IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways. Machine learning analysis identified three core targets: CXCL12, CYP24A1, and HMGCR. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinities between BaP and these targets (binding energies <-5.0 kcal/mol). A diagnostic nomogram based on these core targets achieved high prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.922). Conclusions This first comprehensive analysis of BaP-induced periodontitis using an integrated computational approach elucidates potential molecular mechanisms and identifies specific therapeutic targets. The diagnostic nomogram developed offers a promising tool for clinical periodontitis risk assessment, providing new perspectives on understanding the impact of environmental pollutants on periodontal health.
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spelling doaj-art-eae87946f00f4dce9fb748663e66ef402025-08-20T02:05:42ZengBMCBMC Pharmacology and Toxicology2050-65112025-06-0126111110.1186/s40360-025-00961-9Integrated network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene-induced periodontitisWen Wenjie0Li Rui1Zhuo Pengpeng2Deng Chao3Zhang Donglin4Anhui Province Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Application, School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical CollegeAnhui Province Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Application, School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical CollegeAnhui Province Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Application, School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical CollegeAnhui Province Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Application, School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical CollegeAnhui Province Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Application, School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical CollegeAbstract Background Environmental pollutants, particularly from air pollution and tobacco smoke, have emerged as significant risk factors. Benzopyrene (BaP), a Group 1 carcinogen, is ubiquitously present in these pollutants, yet its molecular mechanisms in periodontitis remain largely unexplored. Methods We investigated these mechanisms through an integrated approach combining network toxicology, machine learning, and molecular docking analyses. Data from SwissTargetPrediction, CTD databases, and GEO datasets were analyzed to identify potential targets. Three machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and LASSO regression) were applied for core target identification, followed by Molecular docking analyses. Results We identified 11 potential targets associated with BaP-induced periodontitis, primarily involved in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, endoplasmic reticulum function, and cytokine activity, particularly in IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways. Machine learning analysis identified three core targets: CXCL12, CYP24A1, and HMGCR. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinities between BaP and these targets (binding energies <-5.0 kcal/mol). A diagnostic nomogram based on these core targets achieved high prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.922). Conclusions This first comprehensive analysis of BaP-induced periodontitis using an integrated computational approach elucidates potential molecular mechanisms and identifies specific therapeutic targets. The diagnostic nomogram developed offers a promising tool for clinical periodontitis risk assessment, providing new perspectives on understanding the impact of environmental pollutants on periodontal health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-025-00961-9PeriodontitisBenzopyreneNetwork toxicologyMachine learningMolecular Docking
spellingShingle Wen Wenjie
Li Rui
Zhuo Pengpeng
Deng Chao
Zhang Donglin
Integrated network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene-induced periodontitis
BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Periodontitis
Benzopyrene
Network toxicology
Machine learning
Molecular Docking
title Integrated network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene-induced periodontitis
title_full Integrated network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene-induced periodontitis
title_fullStr Integrated network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene-induced periodontitis
title_full_unstemmed Integrated network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene-induced periodontitis
title_short Integrated network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene-induced periodontitis
title_sort integrated network toxicology machine learning and molecular docking reveal the mechanism of benzopyrene induced periodontitis
topic Periodontitis
Benzopyrene
Network toxicology
Machine learning
Molecular Docking
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-025-00961-9
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AT zhuopengpeng integratednetworktoxicologymachinelearningandmoleculardockingrevealthemechanismofbenzopyreneinducedperiodontitis
AT dengchao integratednetworktoxicologymachinelearningandmoleculardockingrevealthemechanismofbenzopyreneinducedperiodontitis
AT zhangdonglin integratednetworktoxicologymachinelearningandmoleculardockingrevealthemechanismofbenzopyreneinducedperiodontitis