Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western Kenya

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by M. tuberculosis (Mtb) with resistance to the first-line anti-TB medicines isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). In Western Kenya, there is reported low prevalence of drug resistant strains among HIV tuberculosis patients, creating a need to dete...

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Main Authors: Albert Okumu, James Orwa, Ruth Sitati, Isaiah Omondi, Ben Odhiambo, Jeremiah Ogoro, George Oballa, Benjamin Ochieng, Steve Wandiga, Collins Ouma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000536
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author Albert Okumu
James Orwa
Ruth Sitati
Isaiah Omondi
Ben Odhiambo
Jeremiah Ogoro
George Oballa
Benjamin Ochieng
Steve Wandiga
Collins Ouma
author_facet Albert Okumu
James Orwa
Ruth Sitati
Isaiah Omondi
Ben Odhiambo
Jeremiah Ogoro
George Oballa
Benjamin Ochieng
Steve Wandiga
Collins Ouma
author_sort Albert Okumu
collection DOAJ
description Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by M. tuberculosis (Mtb) with resistance to the first-line anti-TB medicines isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). In Western Kenya, there is reported low prevalence of drug resistant strains among HIV tuberculosis patients, creating a need to determine factors associated with drug resistance patterns among presumptive MDR-TB patients. To determine factors associated with drug resistance patterns among presumptive MDR-TB patients in western Kenya. Three hundred and ninety (390) sputum sample isolates from among presumptive multidrug TB patients, were analyzed for TB drug resistance as per Ministry of Health (MoH) TB program diagnostic algorithm. Frequency and percentages were used to summarize categorical data while median and interquartile range (IQR) were used for continuous data. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with TB drug resistance. Out of 390 participants enrolled, 302/390 (77.4 %) were males, with a median age of 34 years. The HIV-infected were 118/390 (30.3 %). Samples included 322 (82.6 %) from presumptive patients, while 68/390 (17.4 %) were either lost to follow-up patients, failures to first-line treatment or newly diagnosed cases. A total of 64/390 (16.4 %) of the isolates had at least some form of drug resistance. Out of 390, 14/390 (3.6 %) had MDR, 12 (3.1 %) were RIF mono-resistance, 34 (8.7 %) had INH, while 4 (1 %) had ethambutol resistance. The category of previously treated patients (those who received or are currently on TB treatment) had a 70 % reduced likelihood of resistance (aOR: 0.30; 95 % CI: 0.13–0.70). In contrast, older age was associated with an increased likelihood of resistance to INH and RIF, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.04 per year (95 % CI: 1.00–1.08). Prompt MDR-TB diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient care, management, and disease prevention and control. We recommend active surveillance on drug resistant TB in these regions to detect drug resistance patterns for rapid disease management.
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spelling doaj-art-eae0ff8341514b8e821ffe0fb365d6ab2025-08-20T01:58:56ZengElsevierJournal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases2405-57942024-12-013710046610.1016/j.jctube.2024.100466Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western KenyaAlbert Okumu0James Orwa1Ruth Sitati2Isaiah Omondi3Ben Odhiambo4Jeremiah Ogoro5George Oballa6Benjamin Ochieng7Steve Wandiga8Collins Ouma9Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, PO Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Corresponding author.The Aga Khan University, Department of Population Health Science, University Center, PO BOX 30270- 00100, Nairobi, KenyaKenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, KenyaKenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, KenyaKenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, KenyaMinistry of Health, National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program, NLTP, Afya House Annex, Kenyatta National Hospital, Hospital Road, Nairobi P.O. Box, 30016-00100, KenyaMinistry of Health, National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program, NLTP, Afya House Annex, Kenyatta National Hospital, Hospital Road, Nairobi P.O. Box, 30016-00100, KenyaKenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, KenyaKenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, PO Box 333-40105, Maseno, KenyaMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by M. tuberculosis (Mtb) with resistance to the first-line anti-TB medicines isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). In Western Kenya, there is reported low prevalence of drug resistant strains among HIV tuberculosis patients, creating a need to determine factors associated with drug resistance patterns among presumptive MDR-TB patients. To determine factors associated with drug resistance patterns among presumptive MDR-TB patients in western Kenya. Three hundred and ninety (390) sputum sample isolates from among presumptive multidrug TB patients, were analyzed for TB drug resistance as per Ministry of Health (MoH) TB program diagnostic algorithm. Frequency and percentages were used to summarize categorical data while median and interquartile range (IQR) were used for continuous data. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with TB drug resistance. Out of 390 participants enrolled, 302/390 (77.4 %) were males, with a median age of 34 years. The HIV-infected were 118/390 (30.3 %). Samples included 322 (82.6 %) from presumptive patients, while 68/390 (17.4 %) were either lost to follow-up patients, failures to first-line treatment or newly diagnosed cases. A total of 64/390 (16.4 %) of the isolates had at least some form of drug resistance. Out of 390, 14/390 (3.6 %) had MDR, 12 (3.1 %) were RIF mono-resistance, 34 (8.7 %) had INH, while 4 (1 %) had ethambutol resistance. The category of previously treated patients (those who received or are currently on TB treatment) had a 70 % reduced likelihood of resistance (aOR: 0.30; 95 % CI: 0.13–0.70). In contrast, older age was associated with an increased likelihood of resistance to INH and RIF, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.04 per year (95 % CI: 1.00–1.08). Prompt MDR-TB diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient care, management, and disease prevention and control. We recommend active surveillance on drug resistant TB in these regions to detect drug resistance patterns for rapid disease management.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000536FactorsTuberculosisMultidrugResistancePrevalenceRifampicin
spellingShingle Albert Okumu
James Orwa
Ruth Sitati
Isaiah Omondi
Ben Odhiambo
Jeremiah Ogoro
George Oballa
Benjamin Ochieng
Steve Wandiga
Collins Ouma
Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western Kenya
Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases
Factors
Tuberculosis
Multidrug
Resistance
Prevalence
Rifampicin
title Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western Kenya
title_full Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western Kenya
title_fullStr Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western Kenya
title_short Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western Kenya
title_sort factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a drtb surveillance study in western kenya
topic Factors
Tuberculosis
Multidrug
Resistance
Prevalence
Rifampicin
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405579424000536
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