Relationship between fluid intake, hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy, young adult males

Background: Previous studies have identified links between fluid intake, hydration related hormones and cortisol measured at one timepoint but have not considered how hydration may influence cortisol dynamics throughout the day. This study assessed associations between hydration status (copeptin, ur...

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Main Authors: Mitchell E. Zaplatosch, Laurie Wideman, Jessica McNeil, Jesse N.L. Sims, William M. Adams
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-02-01
Series:Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666497624000572
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author Mitchell E. Zaplatosch
Laurie Wideman
Jessica McNeil
Jesse N.L. Sims
William M. Adams
author_facet Mitchell E. Zaplatosch
Laurie Wideman
Jessica McNeil
Jesse N.L. Sims
William M. Adams
author_sort Mitchell E. Zaplatosch
collection DOAJ
description Background: Previous studies have identified links between fluid intake, hydration related hormones and cortisol measured at one timepoint but have not considered how hydration may influence cortisol dynamics throughout the day. This study assessed associations between hydration status (copeptin, urinary osmolality, urine volume) and habitual fluid intake with cortisol dynamics. Methods: The day before (DB) a 6-h laboratory visit, 29 male participants (age, 23±4y; BMI, 25.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2; body fat, 17.3 ± 9.3 %) provided 24-h urine samples and a fasted blood sample for hydration status assessment, recorded their 24-h fluid intake for three days prior, and provided 10 saliva samples to assess cortisol dynamics from DB into the evening of the laboratory visit. Calculated indices of cortisol dynamics included: nocturnal cortisol rise (NCR – salivary cortisol rise from bed to awakening), peak salivary cortisol (peak SCORT – highest cortisol of all samples), cortisol awakening response (ΔCAR – difference between high morning sample and awakening sample), area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG) and increase (AUCI), and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS – rate of change in cortisol from awakening to bed). The relationships between fluid intake or hydration status and cortisol dynamics were analyzed by separating participants into fluid intake tertile groups and by regressing cortisol dynamics on the continuous variables of total fluid intake (TFI) or hydration biomarkers. Results: There were no between-group differences for ΔCAR (p = 0.89), AUCG (p = 0.57), AUCI (p = 0.48), peak SCORT (p = 0.14), NCR (p = 0.95), DCS (p = 0.22), or serum cortisol (p = 0.61). TFI was not associated with log (peak SCORT) (p = 0.49), ΔCAR (p = 0.61), AUCG (p = 0.76), or AUCI (p = 0.56). Copeptin was not associated with log (peak SCORT) (p = 0.99), ΔCAR (p = 0.22), AUCG (p = 0.69) or AUCI (p = 0.18). Urinary hydration markers were not associated with any measures of cortisol dynamics (p > 0.05). These null effects were consistent when controlling for physical activity, sleep, and body fat percentage. Conclusion: In the absence of dehydrating stimuli, measures of fluid intake or hydration status may not be associated with cortisol dynamics in young healthy males.
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spelling doaj-art-eadb1320d20f4620868ea1a469952dfd2025-08-20T01:57:40ZengElsevierComprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology2666-49762025-02-012110028110.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100281Relationship between fluid intake, hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy, young adult malesMitchell E. Zaplatosch0Laurie Wideman1Jessica McNeil2Jesse N.L. Sims3William M. Adams4Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, Mailing address: P.O. Box 26170 Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA; Department of Exercise and Sports Management, Kennesaw State University, Mailing address: Prillaman Health Sciences Room 4025, Mail Drop 4104, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144-5591, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Exercise and Sports Management, Kennesaw State University, Prillaman Health Sciences Room 4025, Mail Drop 4104, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144-5591, USA.Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, Mailing address: P.O. Box 26170 Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USADepartment of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, Mailing address: P.O. Box 26170 Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USAKent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USADepartment of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, Mailing address: P.O. Box 26170 Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA; Adams Sports Medicine Consulting LLC, Colorado Springs, CO, 80917, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, Mailing address: Sir John Beckwith Centre for Sport, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UKBackground: Previous studies have identified links between fluid intake, hydration related hormones and cortisol measured at one timepoint but have not considered how hydration may influence cortisol dynamics throughout the day. This study assessed associations between hydration status (copeptin, urinary osmolality, urine volume) and habitual fluid intake with cortisol dynamics. Methods: The day before (DB) a 6-h laboratory visit, 29 male participants (age, 23±4y; BMI, 25.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2; body fat, 17.3 ± 9.3 %) provided 24-h urine samples and a fasted blood sample for hydration status assessment, recorded their 24-h fluid intake for three days prior, and provided 10 saliva samples to assess cortisol dynamics from DB into the evening of the laboratory visit. Calculated indices of cortisol dynamics included: nocturnal cortisol rise (NCR – salivary cortisol rise from bed to awakening), peak salivary cortisol (peak SCORT – highest cortisol of all samples), cortisol awakening response (ΔCAR – difference between high morning sample and awakening sample), area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG) and increase (AUCI), and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS – rate of change in cortisol from awakening to bed). The relationships between fluid intake or hydration status and cortisol dynamics were analyzed by separating participants into fluid intake tertile groups and by regressing cortisol dynamics on the continuous variables of total fluid intake (TFI) or hydration biomarkers. Results: There were no between-group differences for ΔCAR (p = 0.89), AUCG (p = 0.57), AUCI (p = 0.48), peak SCORT (p = 0.14), NCR (p = 0.95), DCS (p = 0.22), or serum cortisol (p = 0.61). TFI was not associated with log (peak SCORT) (p = 0.49), ΔCAR (p = 0.61), AUCG (p = 0.76), or AUCI (p = 0.56). Copeptin was not associated with log (peak SCORT) (p = 0.99), ΔCAR (p = 0.22), AUCG (p = 0.69) or AUCI (p = 0.18). Urinary hydration markers were not associated with any measures of cortisol dynamics (p > 0.05). These null effects were consistent when controlling for physical activity, sleep, and body fat percentage. Conclusion: In the absence of dehydrating stimuli, measures of fluid intake or hydration status may not be associated with cortisol dynamics in young healthy males.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666497624000572CortisolHydration statusFluid intakeCopeptin
spellingShingle Mitchell E. Zaplatosch
Laurie Wideman
Jessica McNeil
Jesse N.L. Sims
William M. Adams
Relationship between fluid intake, hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy, young adult males
Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology
Cortisol
Hydration status
Fluid intake
Copeptin
title Relationship between fluid intake, hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy, young adult males
title_full Relationship between fluid intake, hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy, young adult males
title_fullStr Relationship between fluid intake, hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy, young adult males
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between fluid intake, hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy, young adult males
title_short Relationship between fluid intake, hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy, young adult males
title_sort relationship between fluid intake hydration status and cortisol dynamics in healthy young adult males
topic Cortisol
Hydration status
Fluid intake
Copeptin
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666497624000572
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