Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The chronic metabolic condition of hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetics is known to cause various neurological disorders and compromise recovery from brain insults. Previously, we reported a delayed and reduced glial cell response and a greater neuronal cell de...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Diabetology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4540/6/3/16 |
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| author | Rashmi Kumari Lisa Willing Patricia J. McLaughlin |
| author_facet | Rashmi Kumari Lisa Willing Patricia J. McLaughlin |
| author_sort | Rashmi Kumari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> The chronic metabolic condition of hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetics is known to cause various neurological disorders and compromise recovery from brain insults. Previously, we reported a delayed and reduced glial cell response and a greater neuronal cell death in different brain regions of diabetic, <i>db</i>/<i>db</i>, mice following cerebral hypoxic- ischemic injury. In this study, we explored the changes in baseline activation of astrocytes and microglia and its impact on vascular permeability in different brain regions. <b>Methods:</b> The numbers of activated astrocytes (GFAP-positive) and microglia/macrophage (Iba-1-positive) in the motor cortex, caudate and hippocampal regions of 12-week old, type-2 diabetic <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> and non-diabetic <i>db</i>/+ mice were quantitated. The leakage of serum IgG and loss of occludin, a tight junctional protein observed in the cortex and caudate of <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> mice, indicated a compromised blood brain barrier. <b>Results:</b> Results indicated significant differences in activation of glial cells in the cortex and caudate along with increased vessel permeability in diabetic mice. <b>Conclusions:</b> The study suggests that a constant activation of glial cells in the diabetic brain may be the cause of impaired inflammatory response and/or degenerating cerebral blood vessels which contribute to neuronal cell death upon CNS injury. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eac3758ae2ac4d118972a49de917bc4c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-4540 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetology |
| spelling | doaj-art-eac3758ae2ac4d118972a49de917bc4c2025-08-20T02:42:40ZengMDPI AGDiabetology2673-45402025-03-01631610.3390/diabetology6030016Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain RegionsRashmi Kumari0Lisa Willing1Patricia J. McLaughlin2Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USADepartment of Cell & Biological Systems, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USADepartment of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The chronic metabolic condition of hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetics is known to cause various neurological disorders and compromise recovery from brain insults. Previously, we reported a delayed and reduced glial cell response and a greater neuronal cell death in different brain regions of diabetic, <i>db</i>/<i>db</i>, mice following cerebral hypoxic- ischemic injury. In this study, we explored the changes in baseline activation of astrocytes and microglia and its impact on vascular permeability in different brain regions. <b>Methods:</b> The numbers of activated astrocytes (GFAP-positive) and microglia/macrophage (Iba-1-positive) in the motor cortex, caudate and hippocampal regions of 12-week old, type-2 diabetic <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> and non-diabetic <i>db</i>/+ mice were quantitated. The leakage of serum IgG and loss of occludin, a tight junctional protein observed in the cortex and caudate of <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> mice, indicated a compromised blood brain barrier. <b>Results:</b> Results indicated significant differences in activation of glial cells in the cortex and caudate along with increased vessel permeability in diabetic mice. <b>Conclusions:</b> The study suggests that a constant activation of glial cells in the diabetic brain may be the cause of impaired inflammatory response and/or degenerating cerebral blood vessels which contribute to neuronal cell death upon CNS injury.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4540/6/3/16glial cellstype-2 <i>db</i>/<i>db</i>blood brain barriertight junctionshyperglycemia |
| spellingShingle | Rashmi Kumari Lisa Willing Patricia J. McLaughlin Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions Diabetology glial cells type-2 <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> blood brain barrier tight junctions hyperglycemia |
| title | Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions |
| title_full | Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions |
| title_fullStr | Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions |
| title_short | Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions |
| title_sort | diabetes differentially alters glial cells in different brain regions |
| topic | glial cells type-2 <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> blood brain barrier tight junctions hyperglycemia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4540/6/3/16 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rashmikumari diabetesdifferentiallyaltersglialcellsindifferentbrainregions AT lisawilling diabetesdifferentiallyaltersglialcellsindifferentbrainregions AT patriciajmclaughlin diabetesdifferentiallyaltersglialcellsindifferentbrainregions |