Prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in Dori, Burkina Faso

Abstract Background Africa bears a disproportionate share of the global burden of malaria. However, few studies have dealt with the prognostic factors of malaria deaths in hospitals. This study followed a cohort of children aged 1–59 months hospitalized for malaria to identify factors associated wit...

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Main Authors: Julien Raymond Dango, Isidore Tiandiogo Traore, Ziemle Clément Meda, Cheick Ahmed Ouattara, Dénahou Mathias Kpadonou, Louis Arnaud R. Ouedraogo, Léon G. Blaise Savadogo
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10909-3
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author Julien Raymond Dango
Isidore Tiandiogo Traore
Ziemle Clément Meda
Cheick Ahmed Ouattara
Dénahou Mathias Kpadonou
Louis Arnaud R. Ouedraogo
Léon G. Blaise Savadogo
author_facet Julien Raymond Dango
Isidore Tiandiogo Traore
Ziemle Clément Meda
Cheick Ahmed Ouattara
Dénahou Mathias Kpadonou
Louis Arnaud R. Ouedraogo
Léon G. Blaise Savadogo
author_sort Julien Raymond Dango
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Africa bears a disproportionate share of the global burden of malaria. However, few studies have dealt with the prognostic factors of malaria deaths in hospitals. This study followed a cohort of children aged 1–59 months hospitalized for malaria to identify factors associated with mortality. The findings aim to assess the prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalized with pediatric malaria at the Regional Hospital Centre (RHC) in Dori. Methods Children aged 1–59 months hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the RHC in Dori, diagnosed with malaria based on fever or a history of fever with a positive thick blood smears or rapid diagnostic test, were systemically included from August 1 to September 30, 2022. Cases with mixed infections or false positives were excluded through rigorous diagnostic criteria, including clinical evaluation and laboratory confirmation. Cox regression analysis was chosen for its ability to handle time-to-event data and assess the impact of multiple covariates on survival. Variables were first analyzed univariably, followed by stepwise elimination to construct a multivariable model. Results Among 444 patients observed, the case fatality rate for malaria was 14.4% (n = 64), with a median time to death of 5 days. Significant prognostic factors included respiratory distress (HR = 3.8; 95% CI = 2.2–6.6), hypoglycemia (HR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.8–5.3), shock (HR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.9–8.7), altered consciousness (HR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2–3.5), acute gastroenteritis (HR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3–4.2), and hyperparasitemia (HR = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.1–12.9). The hazard ratio (HR) represents the likelihood of death at any given time for patients with a specific risk factor compared to those without it. Conclusions The study highlights modifiable risk factors for death among hospitalized pediatric malaria patients, underscoring the need for targeted interventions, such as improved access to oxygen therapy and transfusions. The findings are relevant for health policy planning in resource-limited settings.
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spelling doaj-art-eac22d9948574d4996ede7a13c9050c42025-08-20T02:16:56ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-04-0125111010.1186/s12879-025-10909-3Prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in Dori, Burkina FasoJulien Raymond Dango0Isidore Tiandiogo Traore1Ziemle Clément Meda2Cheick Ahmed Ouattara3Dénahou Mathias Kpadonou4Louis Arnaud R. Ouedraogo5Léon G. Blaise Savadogo6Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONIInstitut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONIInstitut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONIInstitut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONIInstitut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONIInstitut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONIInstitut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONIAbstract Background Africa bears a disproportionate share of the global burden of malaria. However, few studies have dealt with the prognostic factors of malaria deaths in hospitals. This study followed a cohort of children aged 1–59 months hospitalized for malaria to identify factors associated with mortality. The findings aim to assess the prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalized with pediatric malaria at the Regional Hospital Centre (RHC) in Dori. Methods Children aged 1–59 months hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the RHC in Dori, diagnosed with malaria based on fever or a history of fever with a positive thick blood smears or rapid diagnostic test, were systemically included from August 1 to September 30, 2022. Cases with mixed infections or false positives were excluded through rigorous diagnostic criteria, including clinical evaluation and laboratory confirmation. Cox regression analysis was chosen for its ability to handle time-to-event data and assess the impact of multiple covariates on survival. Variables were first analyzed univariably, followed by stepwise elimination to construct a multivariable model. Results Among 444 patients observed, the case fatality rate for malaria was 14.4% (n = 64), with a median time to death of 5 days. Significant prognostic factors included respiratory distress (HR = 3.8; 95% CI = 2.2–6.6), hypoglycemia (HR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.8–5.3), shock (HR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.9–8.7), altered consciousness (HR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2–3.5), acute gastroenteritis (HR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3–4.2), and hyperparasitemia (HR = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.1–12.9). The hazard ratio (HR) represents the likelihood of death at any given time for patients with a specific risk factor compared to those without it. Conclusions The study highlights modifiable risk factors for death among hospitalized pediatric malaria patients, underscoring the need for targeted interventions, such as improved access to oxygen therapy and transfusions. The findings are relevant for health policy planning in resource-limited settings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10909-3Prognostic factorsDeathMalariaPediatricsCox regressionHazard ratio
spellingShingle Julien Raymond Dango
Isidore Tiandiogo Traore
Ziemle Clément Meda
Cheick Ahmed Ouattara
Dénahou Mathias Kpadonou
Louis Arnaud R. Ouedraogo
Léon G. Blaise Savadogo
Prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in Dori, Burkina Faso
BMC Infectious Diseases
Prognostic factors
Death
Malaria
Pediatrics
Cox regression
Hazard ratio
title Prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in Dori, Burkina Faso
title_full Prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in Dori, Burkina Faso
title_fullStr Prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in Dori, Burkina Faso
title_full_unstemmed Prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in Dori, Burkina Faso
title_short Prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in Dori, Burkina Faso
title_sort prognostic factors for death in patients hospitalised with malaria in pediatric units at the regional hospital centre in dori burkina faso
topic Prognostic factors
Death
Malaria
Pediatrics
Cox regression
Hazard ratio
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10909-3
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