<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccine: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion and Analysis of Vaccine Types
<i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i> is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa, leading to various gastric diseases. <i>H. pylori</i> infection has become a pressing public health issue that affects more than 50% of the human popula...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Jingwen Gong Qing Wang Xing Chen Junhui Lu |
| author_facet | Jingwen Gong Qing Wang Xing Chen Junhui Lu |
| author_sort | Jingwen Gong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i> is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa, leading to various gastric diseases. <i>H. pylori</i> infection has become a pressing public health issue that affects more than 50% of the human population worldwide, almost 40 years after its discovery. Traditional treatments, based on the use of bismuth-based triple and quadruple therapies, are effective while facing a series of problems, such as difficulty in patient compliance, the rise of antibiotic resistance, and possible recurrence of infection. Therefore, the development of an efficacious vaccine against <i>H. pylori</i> would be extremely urgent. This review mainly elaborates on the pathogenic mechanism and immune evasion mechanism of <i>H. pylori</i>, as well as various strategies adopted in vaccine development, including whole-cell vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, and live vector vaccines. Animal studies and clinical trials demonstrate that <i>H. pylori</i> vaccines significantly reduce bacterial load and provide cellular immunity over some time. Multiple studies have clarified the advantages and limitations of each candidate vaccine. Although the development of <i>H. pylori</i> vaccines provides benefits to reduce the global burden, there are still significant challenges to developing vaccines in safety, efficacy, and availability. Overcoming these challenges, along with the advancement of vaccine technology, can better prevent and treat <i>H. pylori</i> infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eac0a7d9c7ba46668ad8cd29dd9b4bfb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-eac0a7d9c7ba46668ad8cd29dd9b4bfb2025-08-20T03:12:05ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-05-0113552610.3390/vaccines13050526<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccine: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion and Analysis of Vaccine TypesJingwen Gong0Qing Wang1Xing Chen2Junhui Lu3The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China<i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i> is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa, leading to various gastric diseases. <i>H. pylori</i> infection has become a pressing public health issue that affects more than 50% of the human population worldwide, almost 40 years after its discovery. Traditional treatments, based on the use of bismuth-based triple and quadruple therapies, are effective while facing a series of problems, such as difficulty in patient compliance, the rise of antibiotic resistance, and possible recurrence of infection. Therefore, the development of an efficacious vaccine against <i>H. pylori</i> would be extremely urgent. This review mainly elaborates on the pathogenic mechanism and immune evasion mechanism of <i>H. pylori</i>, as well as various strategies adopted in vaccine development, including whole-cell vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, and live vector vaccines. Animal studies and clinical trials demonstrate that <i>H. pylori</i> vaccines significantly reduce bacterial load and provide cellular immunity over some time. Multiple studies have clarified the advantages and limitations of each candidate vaccine. Although the development of <i>H. pylori</i> vaccines provides benefits to reduce the global burden, there are still significant challenges to developing vaccines in safety, efficacy, and availability. Overcoming these challenges, along with the advancement of vaccine technology, can better prevent and treat <i>H. pylori</i> infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/526<i>Helicobacter pylori</i><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> vaccinepathogenic mechanism of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> immune evasion |
| spellingShingle | Jingwen Gong Qing Wang Xing Chen Junhui Lu <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccine: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion and Analysis of Vaccine Types Vaccines <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> vaccine pathogenic mechanism of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> immune evasion |
| title | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccine: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion and Analysis of Vaccine Types |
| title_full | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccine: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion and Analysis of Vaccine Types |
| title_fullStr | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccine: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion and Analysis of Vaccine Types |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccine: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion and Analysis of Vaccine Types |
| title_short | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccine: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion and Analysis of Vaccine Types |
| title_sort | i helicobacter pylori i vaccine mechanism of pathogenesis immune evasion and analysis of vaccine types |
| topic | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> vaccine pathogenic mechanism of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> immune evasion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/526 |
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