Leaffooted Bugs, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Are Attracted to Volatile Emissions from Herbivore-Damaged Cotton Bolls

The leaffooted bug, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (L.) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), probes and feeds on tissues of many plant species, including developing cotton bolls, causing seed damage and abscission. Insecticides are the primary tool for managing leaffooted bugs, but concerns about resis...

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Main Authors: Malek A. Alwedyan, Anjel M. Helms, Michael J. Brewer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Insects
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/425
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author Malek A. Alwedyan
Anjel M. Helms
Michael J. Brewer
author_facet Malek A. Alwedyan
Anjel M. Helms
Michael J. Brewer
author_sort Malek A. Alwedyan
collection DOAJ
description The leaffooted bug, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (L.) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), probes and feeds on tissues of many plant species, including developing cotton bolls, causing seed damage and abscission. Insecticides are the primary tool for managing leaffooted bugs, but concerns about resistance and environmental harm highlight the need for alternative management strategies. One promising approach is using semiochemicals, such as plant- and insect-produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs), to trap or repel pests. Insect herbivores often use plant-produced VOCs to select suitable host plants for feeding and oviposition. Field observations of abundant adult leaffooted bugs on cotton bolls suggest that bugs aggregate at feeding sites. The goal of this study was to characterize VOCs from developing cotton bolls with and without leaffooted bug herbivory and evaluate how these VOCs affect adult bug foraging behavior. A portable dynamic headspace sampling method was used to collect VOCs from developing cotton bolls in the field, and VOC samples were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Leaffooted bug herbivory induced volatile emissions from cotton bolls, with significant increases in the emissions of six compounds (benzaldehyde, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, p-xylene, and (<i>E</i>)-β-caryophyllene). Dual-choice olfactometer assays revealed that adult leaffooted bugs were attracted to VOCs from damaged cotton bolls, as well as being attracted to synthetic benzaldehyde or α-pinene individually. In contrast, leaffooted bugs were repelled by the combination of synthetic benzaldehyde and α-pinene. These findings suggest that VOCs from cotton bolls are attractive to leaffooted bugs and could contribute to the development of attractive lures for integrated pest management.
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spelling doaj-art-eabe0dd2fbeb46cd93c2b243a9c664652025-08-20T02:18:16ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-04-0116442510.3390/insects16040425Leaffooted Bugs, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Are Attracted to Volatile Emissions from Herbivore-Damaged Cotton BollsMalek A. Alwedyan0Anjel M. Helms1Michael J. Brewer2Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Corpus Christi, TX 78406, USADepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Corpus Christi, TX 78406, USAThe leaffooted bug, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (L.) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), probes and feeds on tissues of many plant species, including developing cotton bolls, causing seed damage and abscission. Insecticides are the primary tool for managing leaffooted bugs, but concerns about resistance and environmental harm highlight the need for alternative management strategies. One promising approach is using semiochemicals, such as plant- and insect-produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs), to trap or repel pests. Insect herbivores often use plant-produced VOCs to select suitable host plants for feeding and oviposition. Field observations of abundant adult leaffooted bugs on cotton bolls suggest that bugs aggregate at feeding sites. The goal of this study was to characterize VOCs from developing cotton bolls with and without leaffooted bug herbivory and evaluate how these VOCs affect adult bug foraging behavior. A portable dynamic headspace sampling method was used to collect VOCs from developing cotton bolls in the field, and VOC samples were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Leaffooted bug herbivory induced volatile emissions from cotton bolls, with significant increases in the emissions of six compounds (benzaldehyde, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, p-xylene, and (<i>E</i>)-β-caryophyllene). Dual-choice olfactometer assays revealed that adult leaffooted bugs were attracted to VOCs from damaged cotton bolls, as well as being attracted to synthetic benzaldehyde or α-pinene individually. In contrast, leaffooted bugs were repelled by the combination of synthetic benzaldehyde and α-pinene. These findings suggest that VOCs from cotton bolls are attractive to leaffooted bugs and could contribute to the development of attractive lures for integrated pest management.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/425behavioral responsesherbivore-induced plant volatileshost attractionsemiochemicalsvolatile organic compounds
spellingShingle Malek A. Alwedyan
Anjel M. Helms
Michael J. Brewer
Leaffooted Bugs, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Are Attracted to Volatile Emissions from Herbivore-Damaged Cotton Bolls
Insects
behavioral responses
herbivore-induced plant volatiles
host attraction
semiochemicals
volatile organic compounds
title Leaffooted Bugs, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Are Attracted to Volatile Emissions from Herbivore-Damaged Cotton Bolls
title_full Leaffooted Bugs, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Are Attracted to Volatile Emissions from Herbivore-Damaged Cotton Bolls
title_fullStr Leaffooted Bugs, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Are Attracted to Volatile Emissions from Herbivore-Damaged Cotton Bolls
title_full_unstemmed Leaffooted Bugs, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Are Attracted to Volatile Emissions from Herbivore-Damaged Cotton Bolls
title_short Leaffooted Bugs, <i>Leptoglossus phyllopus</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Are Attracted to Volatile Emissions from Herbivore-Damaged Cotton Bolls
title_sort leaffooted bugs i leptoglossus phyllopus i hemiptera coreidae are attracted to volatile emissions from herbivore damaged cotton bolls
topic behavioral responses
herbivore-induced plant volatiles
host attraction
semiochemicals
volatile organic compounds
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/425
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AT anjelmhelms leaffootedbugsileptoglossusphyllopusihemipteracoreidaeareattractedtovolatileemissionsfromherbivoredamagedcottonbolls
AT michaeljbrewer leaffootedbugsileptoglossusphyllopusihemipteracoreidaeareattractedtovolatileemissionsfromherbivoredamagedcottonbolls