Indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in Campania region

In the context of the 2024 Italian National Radon Action Plan requiring the monitoring of workplaces, work activities, and buildings with public access, 222Rn activity concentrations in 67 schools in the Campania region (Italy) —kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools and high schools—were...

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Main Authors: Fabrizio Ambrosino, Giuseppe La Verde, Roberta Oliva, Mohamed Y. Hanfi, Antonio Sarno, Mariagabriella Pugliese
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Built Environment
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1532791/full
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author Fabrizio Ambrosino
Fabrizio Ambrosino
Giuseppe La Verde
Giuseppe La Verde
Roberta Oliva
Mohamed Y. Hanfi
Antonio Sarno
Mariagabriella Pugliese
Mariagabriella Pugliese
author_facet Fabrizio Ambrosino
Fabrizio Ambrosino
Giuseppe La Verde
Giuseppe La Verde
Roberta Oliva
Mohamed Y. Hanfi
Antonio Sarno
Mariagabriella Pugliese
Mariagabriella Pugliese
author_sort Fabrizio Ambrosino
collection DOAJ
description In the context of the 2024 Italian National Radon Action Plan requiring the monitoring of workplaces, work activities, and buildings with public access, 222Rn activity concentrations in 67 schools in the Campania region (Italy) —kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools and high schools—were measured using passive detectors over a year. The information collected for evaluation involved the construction materials used, the covering of walls and floors, the intended use of the rooms, and the type of people exposed, whether students, teachers, or administrative staff. Annual effective dose (AED), lung cancer cases (LCC), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for these three people categories were estimated. The average 222Rn activity concentration was 262 Bq/m3 in kindergartens (std. dev. = 158 Bq/m3), 292 Bq/m3 for both primary and secondary schools (std. dev. = 189 Bq/m3 and 213 Bq/m3, respectively), and 150 Bq/m3 (std. dev. = 205 Bq/m3) in high schools. The difference between schools built of tuff and those of concrete was statistically different, with average activity of 276 Bq/m3 vs. 144 Bq/m3. As expected, the floor level had a considerable impact, with the activity concentration reducing as the distance from the ground floor increased. The average AED ranged between 2.2 mSv (kindergarten) and 1.1 mSv (high school) for students and between 1.3 mSv and 0.6 mSv for teachers. AED for administrative staff was estimated to be 2.5 mSv on average. The highest AED corresponded to the highest LCC and ELCR for administrative staff, estimated at 45 per million people and 8.6%, respectively. Such a proposed approach could be used to implement a risk management system in accordance with the principles of radiation protection and prevention of harm to human health.
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spelling doaj-art-eabcd040410447b8834aec2d675c77b92025-08-20T02:45:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Built Environment2297-33622025-02-011110.3389/fbuil.2025.15327911532791Indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in Campania regionFabrizio Ambrosino0Fabrizio Ambrosino1Giuseppe La Verde2Giuseppe La Verde3Roberta Oliva4Mohamed Y. Hanfi5Antonio Sarno6Mariagabriella Pugliese7Mariagabriella Pugliese8Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalySection of Naples, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalySection of Naples, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyUral Federal University, Ekaterinburg, RussiaDepartment of Physics Aldo Pontremoli, University of Milan La Statale, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalySection of Naples, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Naples, ItalyIn the context of the 2024 Italian National Radon Action Plan requiring the monitoring of workplaces, work activities, and buildings with public access, 222Rn activity concentrations in 67 schools in the Campania region (Italy) —kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools and high schools—were measured using passive detectors over a year. The information collected for evaluation involved the construction materials used, the covering of walls and floors, the intended use of the rooms, and the type of people exposed, whether students, teachers, or administrative staff. Annual effective dose (AED), lung cancer cases (LCC), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for these three people categories were estimated. The average 222Rn activity concentration was 262 Bq/m3 in kindergartens (std. dev. = 158 Bq/m3), 292 Bq/m3 for both primary and secondary schools (std. dev. = 189 Bq/m3 and 213 Bq/m3, respectively), and 150 Bq/m3 (std. dev. = 205 Bq/m3) in high schools. The difference between schools built of tuff and those of concrete was statistically different, with average activity of 276 Bq/m3 vs. 144 Bq/m3. As expected, the floor level had a considerable impact, with the activity concentration reducing as the distance from the ground floor increased. The average AED ranged between 2.2 mSv (kindergarten) and 1.1 mSv (high school) for students and between 1.3 mSv and 0.6 mSv for teachers. AED for administrative staff was estimated to be 2.5 mSv on average. The highest AED corresponded to the highest LCC and ELCR for administrative staff, estimated at 45 per million people and 8.6%, respectively. Such a proposed approach could be used to implement a risk management system in accordance with the principles of radiation protection and prevention of harm to human health.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1532791/fullionizing radiationradon measurementsradon exposuredose assessmentschoolradon risk indices
spellingShingle Fabrizio Ambrosino
Fabrizio Ambrosino
Giuseppe La Verde
Giuseppe La Verde
Roberta Oliva
Mohamed Y. Hanfi
Antonio Sarno
Mariagabriella Pugliese
Mariagabriella Pugliese
Indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in Campania region
Frontiers in Built Environment
ionizing radiation
radon measurements
radon exposure
dose assessment
school
radon risk indices
title Indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in Campania region
title_full Indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in Campania region
title_fullStr Indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in Campania region
title_full_unstemmed Indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in Campania region
title_short Indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in Campania region
title_sort indoor radon risk assessment in education buildings from kindergarten to high school in campania region
topic ionizing radiation
radon measurements
radon exposure
dose assessment
school
radon risk indices
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1532791/full
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