The Influence of Bud Positions on the Changes in Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in Response to Hydrogen Cyanamide During Budbreak in Low-Chill Kiwifruit
Climate change has contributed to a decline in winter chilling accumulation, a critical requirement for budbreak in temperate fruit crops. Its consequence has been a reduction in fruit production. To compensate for insufficient chilling, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is widely applied, though its effectiv...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Horticulturae |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/847 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850077385239560192 |
|---|---|
| author | Wanichaya Chaiwimol Wisuwat Songnuan Hitoshi Ohara Yotin Juprasong Aussanee Pichakum |
| author_facet | Wanichaya Chaiwimol Wisuwat Songnuan Hitoshi Ohara Yotin Juprasong Aussanee Pichakum |
| author_sort | Wanichaya Chaiwimol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change has contributed to a decline in winter chilling accumulation, a critical requirement for budbreak in temperate fruit crops. Its consequence has been a reduction in fruit production. To compensate for insufficient chilling, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is widely applied, though its effectiveness remains limited. This study investigated the effect of HC application on budbreak in low-chill kiwifruit under warm conditions by correlating phenological responses with changes in carbohydrate and nitrogen concentrations in bark tissues across bud positions. Phenological observations revealed the highest budbreak percentage and total flower buds at the apical position. HC significantly increased budbreak by 58.82% at the apical position and by 375% at the middle position, with corresponding increases in total flower buds by 148.78% and 1066.67%, respectively. Additionally, shoot lengths were uniform among bud positions in HC-treated canes, whereas non-treated canes showed shoot length heterogeneity. Moreover, HC treatment triggered an earlier and more pronounced reduction in soluble sugars (sucrose and hexoses) concentrations along the gradient from apical to basal bud positions, where the response was strongest at the apical position, which was strongly associated with enhanced budbreak percentages and total flower bud formation. While total nitrogen content was highest in the apical position, it was unaffected by HC application. These findings indicate that HC may promote budbreak by enhancing the mobilization and consumption of soluble sugars for bud growth, thereby improving budbreak performance, flower bud production, and uniform shoot development in low-chill kiwifruit under warm conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eab137a05d4641c9aee78580fef77426 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-eab137a05d4641c9aee78580fef774262025-08-20T02:45:49ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-07-0111784710.3390/horticulturae11070847The Influence of Bud Positions on the Changes in Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in Response to Hydrogen Cyanamide During Budbreak in Low-Chill KiwifruitWanichaya Chaiwimol0Wisuwat Songnuan1Hitoshi Ohara2Yotin Juprasong3Aussanee Pichakum4M.Sc. Programme in Plant Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandDepartment of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandGraduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, JapanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, ThailandDepartment of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandClimate change has contributed to a decline in winter chilling accumulation, a critical requirement for budbreak in temperate fruit crops. Its consequence has been a reduction in fruit production. To compensate for insufficient chilling, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is widely applied, though its effectiveness remains limited. This study investigated the effect of HC application on budbreak in low-chill kiwifruit under warm conditions by correlating phenological responses with changes in carbohydrate and nitrogen concentrations in bark tissues across bud positions. Phenological observations revealed the highest budbreak percentage and total flower buds at the apical position. HC significantly increased budbreak by 58.82% at the apical position and by 375% at the middle position, with corresponding increases in total flower buds by 148.78% and 1066.67%, respectively. Additionally, shoot lengths were uniform among bud positions in HC-treated canes, whereas non-treated canes showed shoot length heterogeneity. Moreover, HC treatment triggered an earlier and more pronounced reduction in soluble sugars (sucrose and hexoses) concentrations along the gradient from apical to basal bud positions, where the response was strongest at the apical position, which was strongly associated with enhanced budbreak percentages and total flower bud formation. While total nitrogen content was highest in the apical position, it was unaffected by HC application. These findings indicate that HC may promote budbreak by enhancing the mobilization and consumption of soluble sugars for bud growth, thereby improving budbreak performance, flower bud production, and uniform shoot development in low-chill kiwifruit under warm conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/847kiwifruitlow-chill cultivarhydrogen cyanamidebud positionsnon-structural carbohydratenitrogen |
| spellingShingle | Wanichaya Chaiwimol Wisuwat Songnuan Hitoshi Ohara Yotin Juprasong Aussanee Pichakum The Influence of Bud Positions on the Changes in Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in Response to Hydrogen Cyanamide During Budbreak in Low-Chill Kiwifruit Horticulturae kiwifruit low-chill cultivar hydrogen cyanamide bud positions non-structural carbohydrate nitrogen |
| title | The Influence of Bud Positions on the Changes in Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in Response to Hydrogen Cyanamide During Budbreak in Low-Chill Kiwifruit |
| title_full | The Influence of Bud Positions on the Changes in Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in Response to Hydrogen Cyanamide During Budbreak in Low-Chill Kiwifruit |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Bud Positions on the Changes in Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in Response to Hydrogen Cyanamide During Budbreak in Low-Chill Kiwifruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Bud Positions on the Changes in Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in Response to Hydrogen Cyanamide During Budbreak in Low-Chill Kiwifruit |
| title_short | The Influence of Bud Positions on the Changes in Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in Response to Hydrogen Cyanamide During Budbreak in Low-Chill Kiwifruit |
| title_sort | influence of bud positions on the changes in carbohydrates and nitrogen in response to hydrogen cyanamide during budbreak in low chill kiwifruit |
| topic | kiwifruit low-chill cultivar hydrogen cyanamide bud positions non-structural carbohydrate nitrogen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/847 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wanichayachaiwimol theinfluenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT wisuwatsongnuan theinfluenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT hitoshiohara theinfluenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT yotinjuprasong theinfluenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT aussaneepichakum theinfluenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT wanichayachaiwimol influenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT wisuwatsongnuan influenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT hitoshiohara influenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT yotinjuprasong influenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit AT aussaneepichakum influenceofbudpositionsonthechangesincarbohydratesandnitrogeninresponsetohydrogencyanamideduringbudbreakinlowchillkiwifruit |