Gel card kit to detect recent homologous blood transfusion for anti-doping purpose. A proof of concept and assessment of limitations

Gel card kit to detect recent homologous blood transfusion for anti-doping purpose. A proof of concept and assessment of limitations

Homologous blood transfusion (HBT) is used illicitly by some athletes to increase red blood cell (RBC) mass. The cytofluorometric techinique detects HBT by distinguishing between two different RBC populations. Although effective, this method is costly and time-consuming. Gel card kits (ID-Card, BioR...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pedro Antônio Castelo Teixeira, Rachel Santos Levy, Tiago Ascenção Barros, Allan de Oliveira de Azevedo, Monica Costa Padilha, Henrique Marcelo Gualberto Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
Subjects:
doping control
blood transfusion
gel card
flow cytometry
red blood cell
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1597235/full
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