Energy-efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last-mile connectivity in national parks

Abstract Protected areas such as national parks and reserves have become increasingly remote; therefore, providing reliable internet connectivity has been a major challenge. Currently, this challenge is addressed through the use of ground-based cellular technology. The construction of ground-based c...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Josiah Ibrahim Kayenzemale, Kwame S. Ibwe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43067-025-00197-x
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849772317672996864
author Josiah Ibrahim Kayenzemale
Kwame S. Ibwe
author_facet Josiah Ibrahim Kayenzemale
Kwame S. Ibwe
author_sort Josiah Ibrahim Kayenzemale
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Protected areas such as national parks and reserves have become increasingly remote; therefore, providing reliable internet connectivity has been a major challenge. Currently, this challenge is addressed through the use of ground-based cellular technology. The construction of ground-based cell towers in preserved areas is highly discouraged to preserve the ecosystem and habitat of the animals. Therefore, tethered aerostats present a perfect solution to the challenge. This work aims to comprehensively assess the efficiency of aerostat platforms to extend network coverage footprint in preserved areas like national parks and reserves. The assessment focuses on path loss, received signal strength (RSS), and network coverage footprint. The network coverage footprint radius of the tethered aerostat is 7.2 km when the transmit power is 43dBm at an altitude of 100 above the base station, according to numerical forecast findings. At 49dBm transmit power, the network coverage footprint radius is 9.7 km, 12.71 km, 15.57 km, and 15.57 km, respectively, when the tethered aerostat is positioned 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m above the base station. In a similar line, path loss values for the same transmit power and altitudes are 149.9 dB, 151 dB, 151 dB, and 151.5 dB, respectively. In addition, RSS values for the same transmit power and altitudes are (−96.7 dBm), (−97.55 dBm), (−97.55 dBm), and (−98.84 dBm), respectively. This study concludes that path loss increases when the user moves far away from the center of the network coverage footprint and vice versa. Also, RSS increases when the user moves close to the center of the network coverage footprint and vice versa.
format Article
id doaj-art-eaa9332be5844591ae7dee2e27126e42
institution DOAJ
issn 2314-7172
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology
spelling doaj-art-eaa9332be5844591ae7dee2e27126e422025-08-20T03:02:21ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology2314-71722025-03-0112112410.1186/s43067-025-00197-xEnergy-efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last-mile connectivity in national parksJosiah Ibrahim Kayenzemale0Kwame S. Ibwe1College of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar es SalaamCollege of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar es SalaamAbstract Protected areas such as national parks and reserves have become increasingly remote; therefore, providing reliable internet connectivity has been a major challenge. Currently, this challenge is addressed through the use of ground-based cellular technology. The construction of ground-based cell towers in preserved areas is highly discouraged to preserve the ecosystem and habitat of the animals. Therefore, tethered aerostats present a perfect solution to the challenge. This work aims to comprehensively assess the efficiency of aerostat platforms to extend network coverage footprint in preserved areas like national parks and reserves. The assessment focuses on path loss, received signal strength (RSS), and network coverage footprint. The network coverage footprint radius of the tethered aerostat is 7.2 km when the transmit power is 43dBm at an altitude of 100 above the base station, according to numerical forecast findings. At 49dBm transmit power, the network coverage footprint radius is 9.7 km, 12.71 km, 15.57 km, and 15.57 km, respectively, when the tethered aerostat is positioned 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m above the base station. In a similar line, path loss values for the same transmit power and altitudes are 149.9 dB, 151 dB, 151 dB, and 151.5 dB, respectively. In addition, RSS values for the same transmit power and altitudes are (−96.7 dBm), (−97.55 dBm), (−97.55 dBm), and (−98.84 dBm), respectively. This study concludes that path loss increases when the user moves far away from the center of the network coverage footprint and vice versa. Also, RSS increases when the user moves close to the center of the network coverage footprint and vice versa.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43067-025-00197-xAerostat platformLast-mile connectivityPath lossRSSCoverage footprint
spellingShingle Josiah Ibrahim Kayenzemale
Kwame S. Ibwe
Energy-efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last-mile connectivity in national parks
Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology
Aerostat platform
Last-mile connectivity
Path loss
RSS
Coverage footprint
title Energy-efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last-mile connectivity in national parks
title_full Energy-efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last-mile connectivity in national parks
title_fullStr Energy-efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last-mile connectivity in national parks
title_full_unstemmed Energy-efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last-mile connectivity in national parks
title_short Energy-efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last-mile connectivity in national parks
title_sort energy efficient tethered aerostat platforms for providing last mile connectivity in national parks
topic Aerostat platform
Last-mile connectivity
Path loss
RSS
Coverage footprint
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43067-025-00197-x
work_keys_str_mv AT josiahibrahimkayenzemale energyefficienttetheredaerostatplatformsforprovidinglastmileconnectivityinnationalparks
AT kwamesibwe energyefficienttetheredaerostatplatformsforprovidinglastmileconnectivityinnationalparks