Four-class ASME BCI: investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassing
IntroductionThe ASME (stands for Auditory Stream segregation Multiclass ERP) paradigm is proposed and used for an auditory brain-computer interface (BCI). In this paradigm, a sequence of sounds that are perceived as multiple auditory streams are presented simultaneously, and each stream is an oddbal...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| author | Simon Kojima Shin'ichiro Kanoh Shin'ichiro Kanoh |
| author_facet | Simon Kojima Shin'ichiro Kanoh Shin'ichiro Kanoh |
| author_sort | Simon Kojima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe ASME (stands for Auditory Stream segregation Multiclass ERP) paradigm is proposed and used for an auditory brain-computer interface (BCI). In this paradigm, a sequence of sounds that are perceived as multiple auditory streams are presented simultaneously, and each stream is an oddball sequence. The users are requested to focus selectively on deviant stimuli in one of the streams, and the target of the user attention is detected by decoding event-related potentials (ERPs). To achieve multiclass ASME BCI, the number of streams must be increased. However, increasing the number of streams is not easy because of a person's limited audible frequency range. One method to achieve multiclass ASME with a limited number of streams is to increase the target stimuli in a single stream.MethodsTwo approaches for the ASME paradigm, ASME-4stream (four streams with a single target stimulus in each stream) and ASME-2stream (two streams with two target stimuli in each stream) were investigated. Fifteen healthy subjects with no neurological disorders participated in this study. An electroencephalogram was acquired, and ERPs were analyzed. The binary classification and BCI simulation (detecting the target class of the trial out of four) were conducted with the help of linear discriminant analysis, and its performance was evaluated offline. Its usability and workload were also evaluated using a questionnaire.ResultsDiscriminative ERPs were elicited in both paradigms. The average accuracies of the BCI simulations were 0.83 (ASME-4stream) and 0.86 (ASME-2stream). In the ASME-2stream paradigm, the latency and the amplitude of P300 were shorter and larger, the average binary classification accuracy was higher, and the average weighted workload was smaller.DiscussionBoth four-class ASME paradigms achieved a sufficiently high accuracy (over 80%). The shorter latency and larger amplitude of P300 and the smaller workload indicated that subjects could perform the task confidently and had high usability in ASME-2stream compared to ASME-4stream paradigm. A paradigm with multiple target stimuli in a single stream could create a multiclass ASME BCI with limited streams while maintaining task difficulty. These findings expand the potential for an ASME BCI multiclass extension, offering practical auditory BCI choices for users. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eaa5a6e30f50402088e3b77492352d46 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-eaa5a6e30f50402088e3b77492352d462025-08-20T02:48:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612024-11-011810.3389/fnhum.2024.14619601461960Four-class ASME BCI: investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassingSimon Kojima0Shin'ichiro Kanoh1Shin'ichiro Kanoh2Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, JapanGraduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, JapanCollege of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, JapanIntroductionThe ASME (stands for Auditory Stream segregation Multiclass ERP) paradigm is proposed and used for an auditory brain-computer interface (BCI). In this paradigm, a sequence of sounds that are perceived as multiple auditory streams are presented simultaneously, and each stream is an oddball sequence. The users are requested to focus selectively on deviant stimuli in one of the streams, and the target of the user attention is detected by decoding event-related potentials (ERPs). To achieve multiclass ASME BCI, the number of streams must be increased. However, increasing the number of streams is not easy because of a person's limited audible frequency range. One method to achieve multiclass ASME with a limited number of streams is to increase the target stimuli in a single stream.MethodsTwo approaches for the ASME paradigm, ASME-4stream (four streams with a single target stimulus in each stream) and ASME-2stream (two streams with two target stimuli in each stream) were investigated. Fifteen healthy subjects with no neurological disorders participated in this study. An electroencephalogram was acquired, and ERPs were analyzed. The binary classification and BCI simulation (detecting the target class of the trial out of four) were conducted with the help of linear discriminant analysis, and its performance was evaluated offline. Its usability and workload were also evaluated using a questionnaire.ResultsDiscriminative ERPs were elicited in both paradigms. The average accuracies of the BCI simulations were 0.83 (ASME-4stream) and 0.86 (ASME-2stream). In the ASME-2stream paradigm, the latency and the amplitude of P300 were shorter and larger, the average binary classification accuracy was higher, and the average weighted workload was smaller.DiscussionBoth four-class ASME paradigms achieved a sufficiently high accuracy (over 80%). The shorter latency and larger amplitude of P300 and the smaller workload indicated that subjects could perform the task confidently and had high usability in ASME-2stream compared to ASME-4stream paradigm. A paradigm with multiple target stimuli in a single stream could create a multiclass ASME BCI with limited streams while maintaining task difficulty. These findings expand the potential for an ASME BCI multiclass extension, offering practical auditory BCI choices for users.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1461960/fullbrain-computer interfaceelectroencephalogramevent-related potentialauditory scene analysisstream segregationmachine learning |
| spellingShingle | Simon Kojima Shin'ichiro Kanoh Shin'ichiro Kanoh Four-class ASME BCI: investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassing Frontiers in Human Neuroscience brain-computer interface electroencephalogram event-related potential auditory scene analysis stream segregation machine learning |
| title | Four-class ASME BCI: investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassing |
| title_full | Four-class ASME BCI: investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassing |
| title_fullStr | Four-class ASME BCI: investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Four-class ASME BCI: investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassing |
| title_short | Four-class ASME BCI: investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassing |
| title_sort | four class asme bci investigation of the feasibility and comparison of two strategies for multiclassing |
| topic | brain-computer interface electroencephalogram event-related potential auditory scene analysis stream segregation machine learning |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1461960/full |
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