Hybrid CNN and Transformer-Based Sequential Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Classification

Plant diseases have important consequences for livelihoods and economies, both on local and global scales, whereby the spread of plant pathogens can lead to high levels of damage to agricultural productivity. In this regard, deep learning (DL) has evolved as a promising remedy. Nevertheless, the lev...

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Main Authors: Anuruk Prommakhot, Jakkrit Onshaunjit, Wichian Ooppakaew, Grianggai Samseemoung, Jakkree Srinonchat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072169/
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author Anuruk Prommakhot
Jakkrit Onshaunjit
Wichian Ooppakaew
Grianggai Samseemoung
Jakkree Srinonchat
author_facet Anuruk Prommakhot
Jakkrit Onshaunjit
Wichian Ooppakaew
Grianggai Samseemoung
Jakkree Srinonchat
author_sort Anuruk Prommakhot
collection DOAJ
description Plant diseases have important consequences for livelihoods and economies, both on local and global scales, whereby the spread of plant pathogens can lead to high levels of damage to agricultural productivity. In this regard, deep learning (DL) has evolved as a promising remedy. Nevertheless, the level of diversity among plant species still presents a constant challenge to effective plant disease classification. This research proposes a two-stream convolution operator that combines bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) for effective feature mapping and learning. Moreover, a transformer network (TransNet) is constructed based on sequential learning techniques (SLT) using long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), sequence-to-sequence, and gated recurrent unit models to highlight important plant disease features. The network is trained on the PlantVillage dataset, which includes 38 species of plant diseases. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model achieves scores of 97.88%, 97.93%, and 97.62% for Accuracy, Precision, and Recall, respectively, along with a low training loss of 0.0696 and a minimal training time of 83.17 minutes. The proposed approach represents a significant improvement over previous models and demonstrates the potential for further enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of plant disease classification, thereby contributing to the advancement of modern technology in the agricultural industry.
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issn 2169-3536
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-ea9ca363dbfc46928a2998193f99ffda2025-08-20T03:13:37ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011312287612288710.1109/ACCESS.2025.358628511072169Hybrid CNN and Transformer-Based Sequential Learning Techniques for Plant Disease ClassificationAnuruk Prommakhot0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-047XJakkrit Onshaunjit1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8306-5664Wichian Ooppakaew2https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3251-4369Grianggai Samseemoung3https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6960-631XJakkree Srinonchat4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-72911Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand1Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand1Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand1Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, ThailandPlant diseases have important consequences for livelihoods and economies, both on local and global scales, whereby the spread of plant pathogens can lead to high levels of damage to agricultural productivity. In this regard, deep learning (DL) has evolved as a promising remedy. Nevertheless, the level of diversity among plant species still presents a constant challenge to effective plant disease classification. This research proposes a two-stream convolution operator that combines bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) for effective feature mapping and learning. Moreover, a transformer network (TransNet) is constructed based on sequential learning techniques (SLT) using long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), sequence-to-sequence, and gated recurrent unit models to highlight important plant disease features. The network is trained on the PlantVillage dataset, which includes 38 species of plant diseases. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model achieves scores of 97.88%, 97.93%, and 97.62% for Accuracy, Precision, and Recall, respectively, along with a low training loss of 0.0696 and a minimal training time of 83.17 minutes. The proposed approach represents a significant improvement over previous models and demonstrates the potential for further enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of plant disease classification, thereby contributing to the advancement of modern technology in the agricultural industry.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072169/Two-stream networktransformer networkconvolutional neural networkssequential learning techniquesplant disease classification
spellingShingle Anuruk Prommakhot
Jakkrit Onshaunjit
Wichian Ooppakaew
Grianggai Samseemoung
Jakkree Srinonchat
Hybrid CNN and Transformer-Based Sequential Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Classification
IEEE Access
Two-stream network
transformer network
convolutional neural networks
sequential learning techniques
plant disease classification
title Hybrid CNN and Transformer-Based Sequential Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Classification
title_full Hybrid CNN and Transformer-Based Sequential Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Classification
title_fullStr Hybrid CNN and Transformer-Based Sequential Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Classification
title_full_unstemmed Hybrid CNN and Transformer-Based Sequential Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Classification
title_short Hybrid CNN and Transformer-Based Sequential Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Classification
title_sort hybrid cnn and transformer based sequential learning techniques for plant disease classification
topic Two-stream network
transformer network
convolutional neural networks
sequential learning techniques
plant disease classification
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072169/
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