Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participants
Background The Stop the Bleed (STB) program was developed to bring military bleeding control techniques into wider use among American civilians. It was introduced in Japan in case of mass casualty events during the Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games in 2021, and its effectiveness was prospectively evalu...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| Online Access: | https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000490.full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850193164330074112 |
|---|---|
| author | Kaori Ito Tsuyoshi Nagao Yasufumi Miyake Tetsuya Sakamoto Koji Morishita Taichiro Tsunoyama Ayumi Tomonaga Kenichi Hondo Masayuki Yagi Nagisa Kato |
| author_facet | Kaori Ito Tsuyoshi Nagao Yasufumi Miyake Tetsuya Sakamoto Koji Morishita Taichiro Tsunoyama Ayumi Tomonaga Kenichi Hondo Masayuki Yagi Nagisa Kato |
| author_sort | Kaori Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The Stop the Bleed (STB) program was developed to bring military bleeding control techniques into wider use among American civilians. It was introduced in Japan in case of mass casualty events during the Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games in 2021, and its effectiveness was prospectively evaluated.Methods Japanese physicians certified as STB instructors held bleeding control basic training courses from April to July 2019. Participants’ knowledge was assessed using pre-training and post-training tests comprising five questions. One point was awarded for each correct answer, giving a maximum total score of 5. (Q1) What is the most common preventable trauma death?; (Q2) Which actions should be prioritized for bleeding victims?; (Q3) Which patients should be transferred to hospital first?; (Q4) How should a tourniquet be applied?; (Q5) How should pain associated with a tourniquet be managed?Results The study involved 157 participants (20 physicians/nurses, 82 medical students, 33 emergency services personnel, 22 police officers/security personnel). The mean±SD scores were 2.1±1.1 before training and 3.2±1.0 after training (p<0.01). The respective percentages of correct answers before and after training were 58% and 75% for Q1, 10% and 13% for Q2, 38% and 55% for Q3, 73% and 89% for Q4, and 33% and 91% for Q5. Q2 had the lowest percentage of correct answers and the poorest improvement.Discussion The STB program improved tourniquet knowledge. However, it was less effective in improving knowledge about which actions to prioritize for bleeding victims. This may be because the participants were well trained in basic life support and therefore expected to immediately commence cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients in shock. The STB program is valuable in preparing Japanese people for mass casualty events during the Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games in 2021.Level of evidence IV.Study type Therapeutic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea954420362c4c9dbd9669769d29de11 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2397-5776 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea954420362c4c9dbd9669769d29de112025-08-20T02:14:20ZengBMJ Publishing GroupTrauma Surgery & Acute Care Open2397-57762020-12-015110.1136/tsaco-2020-000490Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participantsKaori Ito0Tsuyoshi Nagao1Yasufumi Miyake2Tetsuya Sakamoto3Koji Morishita4Taichiro Tsunoyama5Ayumi Tomonaga6Kenichi Hondo7Masayuki Yagi8Nagisa Kato9Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDepartment Emergency Medicine, Division of Acute Care Suregry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDivision of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Acute Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanTrauma and Resuscitation Center, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, Fujieda, Shizuoka, JapanDepartment Emergency Medicine, Division of Acute Care Suregry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Acute Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanEmergency Medicine and Acute Care Surgery, Matsudo City General Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan11 Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, Tokyo, JapanBackground The Stop the Bleed (STB) program was developed to bring military bleeding control techniques into wider use among American civilians. It was introduced in Japan in case of mass casualty events during the Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games in 2021, and its effectiveness was prospectively evaluated.Methods Japanese physicians certified as STB instructors held bleeding control basic training courses from April to July 2019. Participants’ knowledge was assessed using pre-training and post-training tests comprising five questions. One point was awarded for each correct answer, giving a maximum total score of 5. (Q1) What is the most common preventable trauma death?; (Q2) Which actions should be prioritized for bleeding victims?; (Q3) Which patients should be transferred to hospital first?; (Q4) How should a tourniquet be applied?; (Q5) How should pain associated with a tourniquet be managed?Results The study involved 157 participants (20 physicians/nurses, 82 medical students, 33 emergency services personnel, 22 police officers/security personnel). The mean±SD scores were 2.1±1.1 before training and 3.2±1.0 after training (p<0.01). The respective percentages of correct answers before and after training were 58% and 75% for Q1, 10% and 13% for Q2, 38% and 55% for Q3, 73% and 89% for Q4, and 33% and 91% for Q5. Q2 had the lowest percentage of correct answers and the poorest improvement.Discussion The STB program improved tourniquet knowledge. However, it was less effective in improving knowledge about which actions to prioritize for bleeding victims. This may be because the participants were well trained in basic life support and therefore expected to immediately commence cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients in shock. The STB program is valuable in preparing Japanese people for mass casualty events during the Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games in 2021.Level of evidence IV.Study type Therapeutic.https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000490.full |
| spellingShingle | Kaori Ito Tsuyoshi Nagao Yasufumi Miyake Tetsuya Sakamoto Koji Morishita Taichiro Tsunoyama Ayumi Tomonaga Kenichi Hondo Masayuki Yagi Nagisa Kato Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participants Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| title | Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participants |
| title_full | Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participants |
| title_fullStr | Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participants |
| title_short | Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participants |
| title_sort | prospective evaluation of the stop the bleed program in japanese participants |
| url | https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000490.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kaoriito prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT tsuyoshinagao prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT yasufumimiyake prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT tetsuyasakamoto prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT kojimorishita prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT taichirotsunoyama prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT ayumitomonaga prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT kenichihondo prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT masayukiyagi prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants AT nagisakato prospectiveevaluationofthestopthebleedprograminjapaneseparticipants |