Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in India

Objectives: Molecular xenomonitoring (MX) is a recommended post-validation surveillance tool for detecting early signs of lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission. This study reports the MX results for Culex quinquefasciatus transmitted Wuchereria bancrofti in three evaluation units (EUs) in different...

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Main Authors: Venkatesan Vasuki, Kaliannagounder Krishnamoorthy, Swaminathan Subramanian, Candasamy Sadanandane, Ramalingam Balasubramaniyan, Neelavathi Sivagnaname, Veerappan Padmanaban, Balakrishnan Vijayakumar, Vinayagam Sundarraj, Chokkalingam Palaniswamy, Prameela Baral, Purushothaman Jambulingam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971225000311
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author Venkatesan Vasuki
Kaliannagounder Krishnamoorthy
Swaminathan Subramanian
Candasamy Sadanandane
Ramalingam Balasubramaniyan
Neelavathi Sivagnaname
Veerappan Padmanaban
Balakrishnan Vijayakumar
Vinayagam Sundarraj
Chokkalingam Palaniswamy
Prameela Baral
Purushothaman Jambulingam
author_facet Venkatesan Vasuki
Kaliannagounder Krishnamoorthy
Swaminathan Subramanian
Candasamy Sadanandane
Ramalingam Balasubramaniyan
Neelavathi Sivagnaname
Veerappan Padmanaban
Balakrishnan Vijayakumar
Vinayagam Sundarraj
Chokkalingam Palaniswamy
Prameela Baral
Purushothaman Jambulingam
author_sort Venkatesan Vasuki
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: Molecular xenomonitoring (MX) is a recommended post-validation surveillance tool for detecting early signs of lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission. This study reports the MX results for Culex quinquefasciatus transmitted Wuchereria bancrofti in three evaluation units (EUs) in different settings of LF elimination in India. Methods: Female Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were collected using gravid traps from 150 households in each EU. Two pools of 25 mosquitoes from each household were assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for W. bancrofti DNA and RNA. The agreement between MX and the transmission assessment survey (TAS) in the mass drug administration (MDA) stopping decision was assessed. Additionally, the microfilaria (Mf) prevalence was compared in TAS-failed EU. Results: Vector infection prevalence was 0.05% and 0.07% in TAS-cleared EUs and 1.85% in TAS-failed EU. MX corroborated the TAS decision in all three settings. Mf prevalence was >1% at five sites in TAS-failed EU. Infective mosquitoes were detected in the TAS2 passed and TAS-failed EUs. The cost of MX per pool was between US $ 26.0 and 27.9 in different settings. Conclusions: MX is a potential tool for evaluating different stages of post-MDA treatment in the LF elimination program. The MX detects transmission risk areas that can be confirmed by human surveys for appropriate response.
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spelling doaj-art-ea930ba245e04fefaa79ad146dc141542025-08-20T02:11:01ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122025-03-0115210780710.1016/j.ijid.2025.107807Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in IndiaVenkatesan Vasuki0Kaliannagounder Krishnamoorthy1Swaminathan Subramanian2Candasamy Sadanandane3Ramalingam Balasubramaniyan4Neelavathi Sivagnaname5Veerappan Padmanaban6Balakrishnan Vijayakumar7Vinayagam Sundarraj8Chokkalingam Palaniswamy9Prameela Baral10Purushothaman Jambulingam11ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, IndiaICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, IndiaICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India; Corresponding author.ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, IndiaICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, IndiaICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, IndiaICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, IndiaICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Health, Government of Puducherry, Puducherry, IndiaZonal Entomological Team, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Cuddalore, IndiaOffice of the Directorate of Public Health, Bhubaneshwar, IndiaICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, IndiaObjectives: Molecular xenomonitoring (MX) is a recommended post-validation surveillance tool for detecting early signs of lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission. This study reports the MX results for Culex quinquefasciatus transmitted Wuchereria bancrofti in three evaluation units (EUs) in different settings of LF elimination in India. Methods: Female Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were collected using gravid traps from 150 households in each EU. Two pools of 25 mosquitoes from each household were assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for W. bancrofti DNA and RNA. The agreement between MX and the transmission assessment survey (TAS) in the mass drug administration (MDA) stopping decision was assessed. Additionally, the microfilaria (Mf) prevalence was compared in TAS-failed EU. Results: Vector infection prevalence was 0.05% and 0.07% in TAS-cleared EUs and 1.85% in TAS-failed EU. MX corroborated the TAS decision in all three settings. Mf prevalence was >1% at five sites in TAS-failed EU. Infective mosquitoes were detected in the TAS2 passed and TAS-failed EUs. The cost of MX per pool was between US $ 26.0 and 27.9 in different settings. Conclusions: MX is a potential tool for evaluating different stages of post-MDA treatment in the LF elimination program. The MX detects transmission risk areas that can be confirmed by human surveys for appropriate response.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971225000311Lymphatic filariasisWuchereria bancroftiCulex quinquefasciatusMolecular xenomonitoringTransmission assessment surveyIndia
spellingShingle Venkatesan Vasuki
Kaliannagounder Krishnamoorthy
Swaminathan Subramanian
Candasamy Sadanandane
Ramalingam Balasubramaniyan
Neelavathi Sivagnaname
Veerappan Padmanaban
Balakrishnan Vijayakumar
Vinayagam Sundarraj
Chokkalingam Palaniswamy
Prameela Baral
Purushothaman Jambulingam
Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in India
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Lymphatic filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Culex quinquefasciatus
Molecular xenomonitoring
Transmission assessment survey
India
title Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in India
title_full Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in India
title_fullStr Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in India
title_full_unstemmed Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in India
title_short Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in India
title_sort molecular xenomonitoring of wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in india
topic Lymphatic filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Culex quinquefasciatus
Molecular xenomonitoring
Transmission assessment survey
India
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971225000311
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