Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Melamine, as a toxic compound, needs to be controlled in food, especially in dairy products. In this systematic study, quantities of melamine and cyanuric acid in various types of milk were investigated. A comprehensive database search was performed using the keywords pasteurized milk, milk, sterili...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Food Protection |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000067 |
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| author | Amirhossein Abedini Zahra Hadian Mahdie Kamalabadi Mahla Salimi Paliz Koohy-Kamaly Burhan Basaran Parisa Sadighara |
| author_facet | Amirhossein Abedini Zahra Hadian Mahdie Kamalabadi Mahla Salimi Paliz Koohy-Kamaly Burhan Basaran Parisa Sadighara |
| author_sort | Amirhossein Abedini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Melamine, as a toxic compound, needs to be controlled in food, especially in dairy products. In this systematic study, quantities of melamine and cyanuric acid in various types of milk were investigated. A comprehensive database search was performed using the keywords pasteurized milk, milk, sterilized milk, melamine, and cyanuric acid without time limitation. A total of 24 articles related to melamine and cyanuric acid were thoroughly reviewed. The overall mean concentration of melamine in milk was estimated by meta-analysis to be 11.3 μg/L. Publication bias was not addressed in the associated assays; however, it was addressed as highly heterogeneous between studies. Subgroup analysis was carried out, and the milk type was a cause of heterogeneity. This systematic review investigated a range of melamine in milk products and discussed different analytical methods. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea865bf2b16e44d7afefaed951c8144c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0362-028X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Food Protection |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea865bf2b16e44d7afefaed951c8144c2025-08-20T02:45:53ZengElsevierJournal of Food Protection0362-028X2025-02-0188310045410.1016/j.jfp.2025.100454Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisAmirhossein Abedini0Zahra Hadian1Mahdie Kamalabadi2Mahla Salimi3Paliz Koohy-Kamaly4Burhan Basaran5Parisa Sadighara6Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of IranInstitute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, TurkeyDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.Melamine, as a toxic compound, needs to be controlled in food, especially in dairy products. In this systematic study, quantities of melamine and cyanuric acid in various types of milk were investigated. A comprehensive database search was performed using the keywords pasteurized milk, milk, sterilized milk, melamine, and cyanuric acid without time limitation. A total of 24 articles related to melamine and cyanuric acid were thoroughly reviewed. The overall mean concentration of melamine in milk was estimated by meta-analysis to be 11.3 μg/L. Publication bias was not addressed in the associated assays; however, it was addressed as highly heterogeneous between studies. Subgroup analysis was carried out, and the milk type was a cause of heterogeneity. This systematic review investigated a range of melamine in milk products and discussed different analytical methods.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000067Cyanuric acidMelamineMeta-analysisMilk contamination |
| spellingShingle | Amirhossein Abedini Zahra Hadian Mahdie Kamalabadi Mahla Salimi Paliz Koohy-Kamaly Burhan Basaran Parisa Sadighara Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Journal of Food Protection Cyanuric acid Melamine Meta-analysis Milk contamination |
| title | Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
| title_full | Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
| title_short | Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
| title_sort | melamine and cyanuric acid in milk and their quantities analytical methods and exposure risk a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Cyanuric acid Melamine Meta-analysis Milk contamination |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000067 |
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