Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Melamine, as a toxic compound, needs to be controlled in food, especially in dairy products. In this systematic study, quantities of melamine and cyanuric acid in various types of milk were investigated. A comprehensive database search was performed using the keywords pasteurized milk, milk, sterili...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Amirhossein Abedini, Zahra Hadian, Mahdie Kamalabadi, Mahla Salimi, Paliz Koohy-Kamaly, Burhan Basaran, Parisa Sadighara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Food Protection
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000067
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Summary:Melamine, as a toxic compound, needs to be controlled in food, especially in dairy products. In this systematic study, quantities of melamine and cyanuric acid in various types of milk were investigated. A comprehensive database search was performed using the keywords pasteurized milk, milk, sterilized milk, melamine, and cyanuric acid without time limitation. A total of 24 articles related to melamine and cyanuric acid were thoroughly reviewed. The overall mean concentration of melamine in milk was estimated by meta-analysis to be 11.3 μg/L. Publication bias was not addressed in the associated assays; however, it was addressed as highly heterogeneous between studies. Subgroup analysis was carried out, and the milk type was a cause of heterogeneity. This systematic review investigated a range of melamine in milk products and discussed different analytical methods.
ISSN:0362-028X