Strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using FRP and CFM composites
Abstract Recent earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls particularly those constructed with stone to lateral loads, underscoring the need for effective strengthening against shear failure. In this context, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and carbon fiber mes...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13747-0 |
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| author | Tulin Celik |
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| author_sort | Tulin Celik |
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| description | Abstract Recent earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls particularly those constructed with stone to lateral loads, underscoring the need for effective strengthening against shear failure. In this context, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and carbon fiber mesh (CFM) have been explored as innovative alternatives to traditional reinforcement techniques. This study investigated unreinforced stone masonry walls, a common type of URM, strengthened using FRP and CFM materials in different configurations, focusing on the walls’ in-plane shear behavior under diagonal compression testing. A reference specimen, labeled URM-1, was constructed without reinforcement. FRP materials were applied to two specimens either horizontally or diagonally on both wall surfaces. Similarly, two specimens were strengthened on both surfaces using CFM, applied with either epoxy or repair mortar. Based on experimental and analytical results, the URM-5 specimen (CFM with epoxy) was identified as the most effective strengthening method. It significantly increased maximum load capacity, shear stress, ductility, and elastic stiffness. Additionally, the URM-5 specimen reduced wall fragility and maintained structural integrity during fracture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea84cff5e6af487b8336a3622722c00d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea84cff5e6af487b8336a3622722c00d2025-08-20T03:43:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-13747-0Strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using FRP and CFM compositesTulin Celik0Department of Civil Engineering, Aksaray UniversityAbstract Recent earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls particularly those constructed with stone to lateral loads, underscoring the need for effective strengthening against shear failure. In this context, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and carbon fiber mesh (CFM) have been explored as innovative alternatives to traditional reinforcement techniques. This study investigated unreinforced stone masonry walls, a common type of URM, strengthened using FRP and CFM materials in different configurations, focusing on the walls’ in-plane shear behavior under diagonal compression testing. A reference specimen, labeled URM-1, was constructed without reinforcement. FRP materials were applied to two specimens either horizontally or diagonally on both wall surfaces. Similarly, two specimens were strengthened on both surfaces using CFM, applied with either epoxy or repair mortar. Based on experimental and analytical results, the URM-5 specimen (CFM with epoxy) was identified as the most effective strengthening method. It significantly increased maximum load capacity, shear stress, ductility, and elastic stiffness. Additionally, the URM-5 specimen reduced wall fragility and maintained structural integrity during fracture.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13747-0In-plane shear behaviorRepair and strengtheningMasonry wallFiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)Carbon fiber mesh (CFM) |
| spellingShingle | Tulin Celik Strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using FRP and CFM composites Scientific Reports In-plane shear behavior Repair and strengthening Masonry wall Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) Carbon fiber mesh (CFM) |
| title | Strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using FRP and CFM composites |
| title_full | Strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using FRP and CFM composites |
| title_fullStr | Strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using FRP and CFM composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using FRP and CFM composites |
| title_short | Strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using FRP and CFM composites |
| title_sort | strengthening strategies for unreinforced stone masonry walls using frp and cfm composites |
| topic | In-plane shear behavior Repair and strengthening Masonry wall Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) Carbon fiber mesh (CFM) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13747-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tulincelik strengtheningstrategiesforunreinforcedstonemasonrywallsusingfrpandcfmcomposites |