Exploring immune-inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithms

BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Recent studies have extensively highlighted the strong associations between psoriasis and various inflammatory markers, which are considered novel predictive tools for evaluating...

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Main Authors: Li Yang, Shixin He, Li Tang, Xiao Qin, Yan Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1619490/full
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author Li Yang
Shixin He
Li Tang
Xiao Qin
Yan Zheng
author_facet Li Yang
Shixin He
Li Tang
Xiao Qin
Yan Zheng
author_sort Li Yang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Recent studies have extensively highlighted the strong associations between psoriasis and various inflammatory markers, which are considered novel predictive tools for evaluating systemic inflammation.MethodsCross-sectional data from the NHANES were analyzed in this study. To assess model performance and generalizability, the dataset was randomly divided into 70% for training and 30% for validation. To address class imbalance in the training data, a hybrid resampling technique (SMOTEENN) was applied. Subsequently, nine classification algorithms were developed using the processed training set, including random forest, neural networks, XGBoost, k-nearest neighbors, gradient boosting, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, AdaBoost, and SVMs. The final gradient boosting was implemented via the gbm package in R, with hyperparameters selected from the default tuning grid of the caret framework. Inflammatory biomarkers with the highest classification utility were identified based on the predictions of the best-performing model.ResultsA total of 22,908 participants were included in the final analysis. Gradient boosting (AUC: 0.629, 95% CI: 0.588–0.669) demonstrated the highest performance, followed closely by logistic regression (AUC: 0.627, 95% CI: 0.588–0.666). Among all the inflammatory markers, MLR exhibited the best classification performance, with an AUC value of 0.662 (95% CI: 0.640–0.683), followed by NLMR, with an AUC value of 0.661 (95% CI: 0.640–0.683). Other markers, including the NLR, dNLR, SII, SIRI, and PLR, had AUC values ranging from 0.658 to 0.661. The MLR had the highest relative importance score, demonstrating its critical role in the model’s predictive performance for psoriasis classification. The NLR ranked second, followed by the SII and SIRI, which had moderate contributions, whereas the PLR contributed the least.ConclusionsAmong all the tested algorithms, the gradient boosting model achieved the best performance. Not only does it achieve the highest predictive accuracy, but it also excels in classification efficacy and feature importance analysis, highlighting key inflammatory markers such as the MLR, SII, and NLR. These markers are significant as reliable indicators for evaluating systemic inflammation and predicting the development of psoriasis, emphasizing their potential clinical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-ea84befac4b34deab6ea027b2a5e22bf2025-08-20T02:46:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16194901619490Exploring immune-inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithmsLi YangShixin HeLi TangXiao QinYan ZhengBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Recent studies have extensively highlighted the strong associations between psoriasis and various inflammatory markers, which are considered novel predictive tools for evaluating systemic inflammation.MethodsCross-sectional data from the NHANES were analyzed in this study. To assess model performance and generalizability, the dataset was randomly divided into 70% for training and 30% for validation. To address class imbalance in the training data, a hybrid resampling technique (SMOTEENN) was applied. Subsequently, nine classification algorithms were developed using the processed training set, including random forest, neural networks, XGBoost, k-nearest neighbors, gradient boosting, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, AdaBoost, and SVMs. The final gradient boosting was implemented via the gbm package in R, with hyperparameters selected from the default tuning grid of the caret framework. Inflammatory biomarkers with the highest classification utility were identified based on the predictions of the best-performing model.ResultsA total of 22,908 participants were included in the final analysis. Gradient boosting (AUC: 0.629, 95% CI: 0.588–0.669) demonstrated the highest performance, followed closely by logistic regression (AUC: 0.627, 95% CI: 0.588–0.666). Among all the inflammatory markers, MLR exhibited the best classification performance, with an AUC value of 0.662 (95% CI: 0.640–0.683), followed by NLMR, with an AUC value of 0.661 (95% CI: 0.640–0.683). Other markers, including the NLR, dNLR, SII, SIRI, and PLR, had AUC values ranging from 0.658 to 0.661. The MLR had the highest relative importance score, demonstrating its critical role in the model’s predictive performance for psoriasis classification. The NLR ranked second, followed by the SII and SIRI, which had moderate contributions, whereas the PLR contributed the least.ConclusionsAmong all the tested algorithms, the gradient boosting model achieved the best performance. Not only does it achieve the highest predictive accuracy, but it also excels in classification efficacy and feature importance analysis, highlighting key inflammatory markers such as the MLR, SII, and NLR. These markers are significant as reliable indicators for evaluating systemic inflammation and predicting the development of psoriasis, emphasizing their potential clinical applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1619490/fullpsoriasisnational health and nutrition examination surveymachine learning algorithmsmonocyte-to-lymphocyte rationeutrophil-to-monocyte ratio
spellingShingle Li Yang
Shixin He
Li Tang
Xiao Qin
Yan Zheng
Exploring immune-inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithms
Frontiers in Immunology
psoriasis
national health and nutrition examination survey
machine learning algorithms
monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio
neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio
title Exploring immune-inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithms
title_full Exploring immune-inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithms
title_fullStr Exploring immune-inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithms
title_full_unstemmed Exploring immune-inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithms
title_short Exploring immune-inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithms
title_sort exploring immune inflammation markers in psoriasis prediction using advanced machine learning algorithms
topic psoriasis
national health and nutrition examination survey
machine learning algorithms
monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio
neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1619490/full
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AT xiaoqin exploringimmuneinflammationmarkersinpsoriasispredictionusingadvancedmachinelearningalgorithms
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