Tuberculosis Mimicking Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) infection is known as a great mimicker. Although its primary site is the lungs, it can affect any organ and present with varied manifestations. Intestinal TB represents approximately 3-5% of extrapulmonary TB and can manifest as any gastrointestinal condition with non...

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Main Authors: Romero-Moreno, Katherine, Cardenas-Velasquez, Andres Felipe
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
Published: Universidad de Antioquia 2025-04-01
Series:Iatreia
Subjects:
Online Access:https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/iatreia/article/view/353835
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author Romero-Moreno, Katherine
Cardenas-Velasquez, Andres Felipe
author_facet Romero-Moreno, Katherine
Cardenas-Velasquez, Andres Felipe
author_sort Romero-Moreno, Katherine
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) infection is known as a great mimicker. Although its primary site is the lungs, it can affect any organ and present with varied manifestations. Intestinal TB represents approximately 3-5% of extrapulmonary TB and can manifest as any gastrointestinal condition with nonspecific symptoms. This underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion in endemic regions such as Colombia. The main differential diagnoses include inflammatory bowel diseases, other infectious diseases, and neoplasms. Objectives: To describe, through a clinical case, how tuberculosis can mimic other diseases such as cancer. Methods: We present the case of a patient with progressive abdominal pain, weight loss, and changes in bowel habits. Abdominal computed tomography revealed ileocecal thickening and pulmonary images suggestive of infectious versus metastatic involvement, leading to suspicion of advanced colonic neoplasia. Biopsies of the lung, pleura, and ileum yielded positive results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and ruled out malignancy. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated with good initial response; however, the patient died two months later due to respiratory complications. Conclusions: In countries with high TB prevalence, it should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in the presence of nonspecific gastrointestinal manifestations or when other studies are inconclusive.
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publisher Universidad de Antioquia
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spelling doaj-art-ea80ea2a2e12479892870542608781652025-08-20T02:27:18ZspaUniversidad de AntioquiaIatreia0121-07932011-79652025-04-0138234134810.17533/udea.iatreia.298Tuberculosis Mimicking Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature ReviewRomero-Moreno, Katherine0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-9301Cardenas-Velasquez, Andres Felipe1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8661-6030Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, ColombiaUniversidad de Antioquia, Medellín, ColombiaIntroduction: Tuberculosis (TB) infection is known as a great mimicker. Although its primary site is the lungs, it can affect any organ and present with varied manifestations. Intestinal TB represents approximately 3-5% of extrapulmonary TB and can manifest as any gastrointestinal condition with nonspecific symptoms. This underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion in endemic regions such as Colombia. The main differential diagnoses include inflammatory bowel diseases, other infectious diseases, and neoplasms. Objectives: To describe, through a clinical case, how tuberculosis can mimic other diseases such as cancer. Methods: We present the case of a patient with progressive abdominal pain, weight loss, and changes in bowel habits. Abdominal computed tomography revealed ileocecal thickening and pulmonary images suggestive of infectious versus metastatic involvement, leading to suspicion of advanced colonic neoplasia. Biopsies of the lung, pleura, and ileum yielded positive results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and ruled out malignancy. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated with good initial response; however, the patient died two months later due to respiratory complications. Conclusions: In countries with high TB prevalence, it should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in the presence of nonspecific gastrointestinal manifestations or when other studies are inconclusive.https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/iatreia/article/view/353835case reportscolonic neoplasmsgeneral surgeryinfectious disease medicinetuberculosis gastrointestinal
spellingShingle Romero-Moreno, Katherine
Cardenas-Velasquez, Andres Felipe
Tuberculosis Mimicking Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Iatreia
case reports
colonic neoplasms
general surgery
infectious disease medicine
tuberculosis gastrointestinal
title Tuberculosis Mimicking Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_full Tuberculosis Mimicking Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_fullStr Tuberculosis Mimicking Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Tuberculosis Mimicking Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_short Tuberculosis Mimicking Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_sort tuberculosis mimicking metastatic colon cancer a case report and literature review
topic case reports
colonic neoplasms
general surgery
infectious disease medicine
tuberculosis gastrointestinal
url https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/iatreia/article/view/353835
work_keys_str_mv AT romeromorenokatherine tuberculosismimickingmetastaticcoloncanceracasereportandliteraturereview
AT cardenasvelasquezandresfelipe tuberculosismimickingmetastaticcoloncanceracasereportandliteraturereview