Next-Generation Smart Inverters: Bridging AI, Cybersecurity, and Policy Gaps for Sustainable Energy Transition

Smart inverters are pivotal in modern renewable energy systems, enabling efficient grid integration, stability, and advanced control of distributed energy resources. While existing literature addresses their technical functionalities, significant research gaps persist in areas such as interoperabili...

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Main Authors: Hilmy Awad, Ehab H. E. Bayoumi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Technologies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/4/136
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author Hilmy Awad
Ehab H. E. Bayoumi
author_facet Hilmy Awad
Ehab H. E. Bayoumi
author_sort Hilmy Awad
collection DOAJ
description Smart inverters are pivotal in modern renewable energy systems, enabling efficient grid integration, stability, and advanced control of distributed energy resources. While existing literature addresses their technical functionalities, significant research gaps persist in areas such as interoperability, cybersecurity, standardization, and the integration of artificial intelligence for adaptive control. This article provides a comprehensive review of smart inverter technologies, emphasizing their role in renewable energy applications, advanced control strategies, and unresolved challenges. By systematically analyzing recent advancements and case studies, the paper identifies critical limitations in current practices, including economic barriers, regulatory misalignments, and fault tolerance under dynamic grid conditions. The review contributes to the field by synthesizing dispersed knowledge, highlighting under-researched areas, and proposing actionable pathways for future innovation. The main findings reveal the transformative potential of AI-driven grid-forming inverters for enhancing grid stability and resilience. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by the absence of harmonized standards and misaligned policy frameworks. Consequently, this review underscores the urgent need for policymakers to develop and implement supportive regulatory structures that facilitate the deployment of AI-enabled smart inverters and establish unified standards to ensure interoperability and cybersecurity. This work serves as a foundational reference for researchers and policymakers aiming to address technical and systemic bottlenecks in smart inverter deployment.
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spelling doaj-art-ea7bda6f15ca42cca6f32e52cac257692025-08-20T02:18:15ZengMDPI AGTechnologies2227-70802025-04-0113413610.3390/technologies13040136Next-Generation Smart Inverters: Bridging AI, Cybersecurity, and Policy Gaps for Sustainable Energy TransitionHilmy Awad0Ehab H. E. Bayoumi1Department of Electrical Technology, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, El-Sawah, Cairo 11813, EgyptDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone UB0022, BotswanaSmart inverters are pivotal in modern renewable energy systems, enabling efficient grid integration, stability, and advanced control of distributed energy resources. While existing literature addresses their technical functionalities, significant research gaps persist in areas such as interoperability, cybersecurity, standardization, and the integration of artificial intelligence for adaptive control. This article provides a comprehensive review of smart inverter technologies, emphasizing their role in renewable energy applications, advanced control strategies, and unresolved challenges. By systematically analyzing recent advancements and case studies, the paper identifies critical limitations in current practices, including economic barriers, regulatory misalignments, and fault tolerance under dynamic grid conditions. The review contributes to the field by synthesizing dispersed knowledge, highlighting under-researched areas, and proposing actionable pathways for future innovation. The main findings reveal the transformative potential of AI-driven grid-forming inverters for enhancing grid stability and resilience. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by the absence of harmonized standards and misaligned policy frameworks. Consequently, this review underscores the urgent need for policymakers to develop and implement supportive regulatory structures that facilitate the deployment of AI-enabled smart inverters and establish unified standards to ensure interoperability and cybersecurity. This work serves as a foundational reference for researchers and policymakers aiming to address technical and systemic bottlenecks in smart inverter deployment.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/4/136artificial intelligence in power systemscybersecurity in energy systemsgrid-forming invertersrenewable energy integrationsustainable energy transition
spellingShingle Hilmy Awad
Ehab H. E. Bayoumi
Next-Generation Smart Inverters: Bridging AI, Cybersecurity, and Policy Gaps for Sustainable Energy Transition
Technologies
artificial intelligence in power systems
cybersecurity in energy systems
grid-forming inverters
renewable energy integration
sustainable energy transition
title Next-Generation Smart Inverters: Bridging AI, Cybersecurity, and Policy Gaps for Sustainable Energy Transition
title_full Next-Generation Smart Inverters: Bridging AI, Cybersecurity, and Policy Gaps for Sustainable Energy Transition
title_fullStr Next-Generation Smart Inverters: Bridging AI, Cybersecurity, and Policy Gaps for Sustainable Energy Transition
title_full_unstemmed Next-Generation Smart Inverters: Bridging AI, Cybersecurity, and Policy Gaps for Sustainable Energy Transition
title_short Next-Generation Smart Inverters: Bridging AI, Cybersecurity, and Policy Gaps for Sustainable Energy Transition
title_sort next generation smart inverters bridging ai cybersecurity and policy gaps for sustainable energy transition
topic artificial intelligence in power systems
cybersecurity in energy systems
grid-forming inverters
renewable energy integration
sustainable energy transition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/4/136
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