Peri-implant osteogenesis on alumina-coated titanium implants in rat femur: morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfaces

Peri-implant bone tissue regeneration involves complex processes that are not yet fully understood at the cellular and molecular levels, leaving significant gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation. Aim. The study aimed to compare peri-implant osteogenesis on titanium femoral impl...

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Main Authors: O. O. Bondarenko, A. H. Bozhko, M. A. Skoryk, N. S. Bondarenko, I. S. Shponka, O. Ye. Loskutov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University 2024-08-01
Series:Patologìâ
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Online Access:http://pat.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/306822/302278
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author O. O. Bondarenko
A. H. Bozhko
M. A. Skoryk
N. S. Bondarenko
I. S. Shponka
O. Ye. Loskutov
author_facet O. O. Bondarenko
A. H. Bozhko
M. A. Skoryk
N. S. Bondarenko
I. S. Shponka
O. Ye. Loskutov
author_sort O. O. Bondarenko
collection DOAJ
description Peri-implant bone tissue regeneration involves complex processes that are not yet fully understood at the cellular and molecular levels, leaving significant gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation. Aim. The study aimed to compare peri-implant osteogenesis on titanium femoral implants with alumina composite coatings applied by different methods to conventional titanium implants in an animal model. Materials and methods. Implants underwent sandblasting with silicon carbide, plasma torch treatment, and coating with titanium, corundum, sprayed titanium wire, or hydroxyapatite, resulting in seven different surfaces. 105 female Wistar rats received implants in their right femurs and were divided into 7 groups based on implant type and exposure duration (1, 2, or 4 weeks). Implant fragments were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to quantify chemical elements. Ratios of carbon to nitrogen and calcium to phosphorus were calculated. Data were analyzed using the U-Mann–Whitney test, with р < 0.05 as a significant value. Results. The energy dispersive X-spectrometry results confirmed morphological analysis findings by quantitatively and qualitatively assessing implants surface chemical composition. The key elements were evaluated, relevant for identifying bone tissue components like collagen (C and N) and hydroxyapatite (Ca and P), as well as implant coatings (Ti, Al, Ca, and P). Carbon and phosphorus showed fluctuations over time, with notable differences among groups. Aluminum appeared stable in some groups but varied in others. Calcium levels remained low initially and increased steadily in hydroxyapatite coated implants. Titanium levels were high initially, decreasing slightly over time. Morphological analysis correlated with surface roughness measurements. Notably, fibrin, collagen, and bone tissue presence varied among groups over time, with some groups showing significant mineralized bone tissue accumulation. After four weeks, blood clots persisted in some groups, while others exhibited bone tissue remodeling with the presence of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Alumina-based coatings showed signs of degradation, with alumina cement scales found among macrophages and fibers. Conclusions. Our study found that stable bone implants outperform alumina-composite coatings in long-term osseointegration due to mechanical stability. Although ceramic composites initially enhance osteoinductive properties, better attachment to titanium substrates is needed.
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spelling doaj-art-ea74d9186b41480694b4249b65949a8d2025-08-20T03:20:40ZengZaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityPatologìâ2306-80272310-12372024-08-01212132140https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2024.2.306822Peri-implant osteogenesis on alumina-coated titanium implants in rat femur: morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfacesO. O. Bondarenko0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-9219A. H. Bozhko1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-7574M. A. Skoryk2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-166XN. S. Bondarenko3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-7535I. S. Shponka4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-6489O. Ye. Loskutov5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-5642Dnipro State Medical University, UkraineDnipro State Medical University, UkraineG. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineDnipro State Medical University, UkraineDnipro State Medical University, UkraineDnipro State Medical University, UkrainePeri-implant bone tissue regeneration involves complex processes that are not yet fully understood at the cellular and molecular levels, leaving significant gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation. Aim. The study aimed to compare peri-implant osteogenesis on titanium femoral implants with alumina composite coatings applied by different methods to conventional titanium implants in an animal model. Materials and methods. Implants underwent sandblasting with silicon carbide, plasma torch treatment, and coating with titanium, corundum, sprayed titanium wire, or hydroxyapatite, resulting in seven different surfaces. 105 female Wistar rats received implants in their right femurs and were divided into 7 groups based on implant type and exposure duration (1, 2, or 4 weeks). Implant fragments were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to quantify chemical elements. Ratios of carbon to nitrogen and calcium to phosphorus were calculated. Data were analyzed using the U-Mann–Whitney test, with р < 0.05 as a significant value. Results. The energy dispersive X-spectrometry results confirmed morphological analysis findings by quantitatively and qualitatively assessing implants surface chemical composition. The key elements were evaluated, relevant for identifying bone tissue components like collagen (C and N) and hydroxyapatite (Ca and P), as well as implant coatings (Ti, Al, Ca, and P). Carbon and phosphorus showed fluctuations over time, with notable differences among groups. Aluminum appeared stable in some groups but varied in others. Calcium levels remained low initially and increased steadily in hydroxyapatite coated implants. Titanium levels were high initially, decreasing slightly over time. Morphological analysis correlated with surface roughness measurements. Notably, fibrin, collagen, and bone tissue presence varied among groups over time, with some groups showing significant mineralized bone tissue accumulation. After four weeks, blood clots persisted in some groups, while others exhibited bone tissue remodeling with the presence of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Alumina-based coatings showed signs of degradation, with alumina cement scales found among macrophages and fibers. Conclusions. Our study found that stable bone implants outperform alumina-composite coatings in long-term osseointegration due to mechanical stability. Although ceramic composites initially enhance osteoinductive properties, better attachment to titanium substrates is needed.http://pat.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/306822/302278orthopedicsimplantsfunctional-protective coatingscorundum ceramicsaluminum oxideosteoinductionosseointegrationscanning electron microscopyenergy dispersive x-ray spectroscopyperi-implant osteogenesis
spellingShingle O. O. Bondarenko
A. H. Bozhko
M. A. Skoryk
N. S. Bondarenko
I. S. Shponka
O. Ye. Loskutov
Peri-implant osteogenesis on alumina-coated titanium implants in rat femur: morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfaces
Patologìâ
orthopedics
implants
functional-protective coatings
corundum ceramics
aluminum oxide
osteoinduction
osseointegration
scanning electron microscopy
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
peri-implant osteogenesis
title Peri-implant osteogenesis on alumina-coated titanium implants in rat femur: morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfaces
title_full Peri-implant osteogenesis on alumina-coated titanium implants in rat femur: morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfaces
title_fullStr Peri-implant osteogenesis on alumina-coated titanium implants in rat femur: morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfaces
title_full_unstemmed Peri-implant osteogenesis on alumina-coated titanium implants in rat femur: morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfaces
title_short Peri-implant osteogenesis on alumina-coated titanium implants in rat femur: morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfaces
title_sort peri implant osteogenesis on alumina coated titanium implants in rat femur morphological and elemental analysis of implant surfaces
topic orthopedics
implants
functional-protective coatings
corundum ceramics
aluminum oxide
osteoinduction
osseointegration
scanning electron microscopy
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
peri-implant osteogenesis
url http://pat.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/306822/302278
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AT maskoryk periimplantosteogenesisonaluminacoatedtitaniumimplantsinratfemurmorphologicalandelementalanalysisofimplantsurfaces
AT nsbondarenko periimplantosteogenesisonaluminacoatedtitaniumimplantsinratfemurmorphologicalandelementalanalysisofimplantsurfaces
AT isshponka periimplantosteogenesisonaluminacoatedtitaniumimplantsinratfemurmorphologicalandelementalanalysisofimplantsurfaces
AT oyeloskutov periimplantosteogenesisonaluminacoatedtitaniumimplantsinratfemurmorphologicalandelementalanalysisofimplantsurfaces