Interaction of <i>Trichoderma</i> Species with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Growth and Its Trichothecene Biosynthesis as Further Contribution in Selection of Potential Biocontrol Agents

The interactions of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> PG-Fg1 and its main trichothecenes with the 28 <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates were studied in vitro. The antagonistic effect assessed by dual-culture tests showed that <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates arrested the growth of...

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Main Authors: Xianfeng Ren, Lixia Fan, Guidong Li, Ilya V. Lyagin, Bingchun Zhang, Mingxiao Ning, Mengmeng Yan, Jing Gao, Fei Wang, Changying Guo, Antonio F. Logrieco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Fungi
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/7/521
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author Xianfeng Ren
Lixia Fan
Guidong Li
Ilya V. Lyagin
Bingchun Zhang
Mingxiao Ning
Mengmeng Yan
Jing Gao
Fei Wang
Changying Guo
Antonio F. Logrieco
author_facet Xianfeng Ren
Lixia Fan
Guidong Li
Ilya V. Lyagin
Bingchun Zhang
Mingxiao Ning
Mengmeng Yan
Jing Gao
Fei Wang
Changying Guo
Antonio F. Logrieco
author_sort Xianfeng Ren
collection DOAJ
description The interactions of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> PG-Fg1 and its main trichothecenes with the 28 <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates were studied in vitro. The antagonistic effect assessed by dual-culture tests showed that <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates arrested the growth of PG-Fg1 after contact, overgrew the PG-Fg1 colony and inhibited the production of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) by up to 95.3%, 99.4%, and 99.6%, respectively. PG-Fg1 was hard to overgrow <i>Trichoderma</i> for further extension. Additionally, the inhibitory effects on PG-Fg1 by the <i>Trichoderma</i> metabolites, including volatiles and non-volatiles, were also investigated. Most of the <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates produced metabolites which inhibited PG-Fg1 growth and mycotoxins production. Specifically, <i>Trichoderma</i> non-volatiles and volatiles showed <i>Fusarium</i> growth inhibition rates ranging from 7% to 72% and 3% to 32%, respectively. Notably, non-volatile compounds from two isolates and volatiles from one isolate up-regulated the expression of DON biosynthesis genes (tri4 and tri5), leading to increased production of DON, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON. This study highlights the potential risk posed by certain <i>Trichoderma</i> strains as microbial agents, which can stimulate toxigenic fungi to produce higher levels of mycotoxins. Based on our results and previous reports, when selecting <i>Trichoderma</i> species as biocontrol agents against <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, its effects on mycotoxins production should be carefully assessed, particularly given observed stimulatory impacts.
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spelling doaj-art-ea723cd60ff24774b2af0c715f8a04222025-08-20T03:35:28ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-07-0111752110.3390/jof11070521Interaction of <i>Trichoderma</i> Species with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Growth and Its Trichothecene Biosynthesis as Further Contribution in Selection of Potential Biocontrol AgentsXianfeng Ren0Lixia Fan1Guidong Li2Ilya V. Lyagin3Bingchun Zhang4Mingxiao Ning5Mengmeng Yan6Jing Gao7Fei Wang8Changying Guo9Antonio F. Logrieco10Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaFaculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaInstitute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaXianghu Laboratory (Zhejiang Agricultural Laboratory), Hangzhou 311200, ChinaFaculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaInstitute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaXianghu Laboratory (Zhejiang Agricultural Laboratory), Hangzhou 311200, ChinaThe interactions of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> PG-Fg1 and its main trichothecenes with the 28 <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates were studied in vitro. The antagonistic effect assessed by dual-culture tests showed that <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates arrested the growth of PG-Fg1 after contact, overgrew the PG-Fg1 colony and inhibited the production of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) by up to 95.3%, 99.4%, and 99.6%, respectively. PG-Fg1 was hard to overgrow <i>Trichoderma</i> for further extension. Additionally, the inhibitory effects on PG-Fg1 by the <i>Trichoderma</i> metabolites, including volatiles and non-volatiles, were also investigated. Most of the <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates produced metabolites which inhibited PG-Fg1 growth and mycotoxins production. Specifically, <i>Trichoderma</i> non-volatiles and volatiles showed <i>Fusarium</i> growth inhibition rates ranging from 7% to 72% and 3% to 32%, respectively. Notably, non-volatile compounds from two isolates and volatiles from one isolate up-regulated the expression of DON biosynthesis genes (tri4 and tri5), leading to increased production of DON, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON. This study highlights the potential risk posed by certain <i>Trichoderma</i> strains as microbial agents, which can stimulate toxigenic fungi to produce higher levels of mycotoxins. Based on our results and previous reports, when selecting <i>Trichoderma</i> species as biocontrol agents against <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, its effects on mycotoxins production should be carefully assessed, particularly given observed stimulatory impacts.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/7/521<i>Trichoderma</i><i>Fusarium graminearum</i>deoxynivalenolbiocontrol
spellingShingle Xianfeng Ren
Lixia Fan
Guidong Li
Ilya V. Lyagin
Bingchun Zhang
Mingxiao Ning
Mengmeng Yan
Jing Gao
Fei Wang
Changying Guo
Antonio F. Logrieco
Interaction of <i>Trichoderma</i> Species with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Growth and Its Trichothecene Biosynthesis as Further Contribution in Selection of Potential Biocontrol Agents
Journal of Fungi
<i>Trichoderma</i>
<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>
deoxynivalenol
biocontrol
title Interaction of <i>Trichoderma</i> Species with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Growth and Its Trichothecene Biosynthesis as Further Contribution in Selection of Potential Biocontrol Agents
title_full Interaction of <i>Trichoderma</i> Species with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Growth and Its Trichothecene Biosynthesis as Further Contribution in Selection of Potential Biocontrol Agents
title_fullStr Interaction of <i>Trichoderma</i> Species with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Growth and Its Trichothecene Biosynthesis as Further Contribution in Selection of Potential Biocontrol Agents
title_full_unstemmed Interaction of <i>Trichoderma</i> Species with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Growth and Its Trichothecene Biosynthesis as Further Contribution in Selection of Potential Biocontrol Agents
title_short Interaction of <i>Trichoderma</i> Species with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Growth and Its Trichothecene Biosynthesis as Further Contribution in Selection of Potential Biocontrol Agents
title_sort interaction of i trichoderma i species with i fusarium graminearum i growth and its trichothecene biosynthesis as further contribution in selection of potential biocontrol agents
topic <i>Trichoderma</i>
<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>
deoxynivalenol
biocontrol
url https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/7/521
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