A Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Space Surveillance: From Design to Experimental Validation

This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a dual-Circularly Polarized (CP) array antenna to be used as single element for a bistatic radar system, aimed at detecting and tracking objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The antenna operates at 412 MHz in reception mode and...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chiara Scarselli, Guido Nenna, Agostino Monorchio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8439
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849405712514416640
author Chiara Scarselli
Guido Nenna
Agostino Monorchio
author_facet Chiara Scarselli
Guido Nenna
Agostino Monorchio
author_sort Chiara Scarselli
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a dual-Circularly Polarized (CP) array antenna to be used as single element for a bistatic radar system, aimed at detecting and tracking objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The antenna operates at 412 MHz in reception mode and consists of an array of 19 slotted-patch radiating elements with a cavity-based metallic superstrate, designed to support dual circular polarization. These elements are arranged in a hexagonal configuration, enabling the array structure to achieve a maximum realized gain of 17 dBi and a Side Lobe Level (SLL) below −17 dB while maintaining high polarization purity. Two identical analog feeding networks enable the precise control of phase and amplitude, allowing the independent reception of Right-Hand and Left-Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP and LHCP) signals. Full-wave simulations and experimental measurements confirm the high performance and robustness of the system, demonstrating its suitability for integration into large-scale Space Situational Awareness (SSA) sensor networks.
format Article
id doaj-art-ea65ecf7efc74f95894d9ba951ec740e
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-ea65ecf7efc74f95894d9ba951ec740e2025-08-20T03:36:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011515843910.3390/app15158439A Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Space Surveillance: From Design to Experimental ValidationChiara Scarselli0Guido Nenna1Agostino Monorchio2Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, ItalyFree Space Srl, 56121 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, ItalyThis paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a dual-Circularly Polarized (CP) array antenna to be used as single element for a bistatic radar system, aimed at detecting and tracking objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The antenna operates at 412 MHz in reception mode and consists of an array of 19 slotted-patch radiating elements with a cavity-based metallic superstrate, designed to support dual circular polarization. These elements are arranged in a hexagonal configuration, enabling the array structure to achieve a maximum realized gain of 17 dBi and a Side Lobe Level (SLL) below −17 dB while maintaining high polarization purity. Two identical analog feeding networks enable the precise control of phase and amplitude, allowing the independent reception of Right-Hand and Left-Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP and LHCP) signals. Full-wave simulations and experimental measurements confirm the high performance and robustness of the system, demonstrating its suitability for integration into large-scale Space Situational Awareness (SSA) sensor networks.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8439space surveillancedebris detectionbistatic radarhexagonal array configurationslotted-patch antenna
spellingShingle Chiara Scarselli
Guido Nenna
Agostino Monorchio
A Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Space Surveillance: From Design to Experimental Validation
Applied Sciences
space surveillance
debris detection
bistatic radar
hexagonal array configuration
slotted-patch antenna
title A Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Space Surveillance: From Design to Experimental Validation
title_full A Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Space Surveillance: From Design to Experimental Validation
title_fullStr A Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Space Surveillance: From Design to Experimental Validation
title_full_unstemmed A Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Space Surveillance: From Design to Experimental Validation
title_short A Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Space Surveillance: From Design to Experimental Validation
title_sort dual circularly polarized antenna array for space surveillance from design to experimental validation
topic space surveillance
debris detection
bistatic radar
hexagonal array configuration
slotted-patch antenna
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8439
work_keys_str_mv AT chiarascarselli adualcircularlypolarizedantennaarrayforspacesurveillancefromdesigntoexperimentalvalidation
AT guidonenna adualcircularlypolarizedantennaarrayforspacesurveillancefromdesigntoexperimentalvalidation
AT agostinomonorchio adualcircularlypolarizedantennaarrayforspacesurveillancefromdesigntoexperimentalvalidation
AT chiarascarselli dualcircularlypolarizedantennaarrayforspacesurveillancefromdesigntoexperimentalvalidation
AT guidonenna dualcircularlypolarizedantennaarrayforspacesurveillancefromdesigntoexperimentalvalidation
AT agostinomonorchio dualcircularlypolarizedantennaarrayforspacesurveillancefromdesigntoexperimentalvalidation