A big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacks

Abstract In recent years, terrorism has increasingly threatened human security, causing violence, fear, and damage to both the general public and specific targets. These attacks create unrest among individuals and within society. Leveraging the recent advancements in deep machine learning, several i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ume Kalsooma, Sahar Arshad, Amerah Albarah, Imran Siddiqi, Saeed Ullah, Abdul Mateen, Farhan Amin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08201-0
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849769136293412864
author Ume Kalsooma
Sahar Arshad
Amerah Albarah
Imran Siddiqi
Saeed Ullah
Abdul Mateen
Farhan Amin
author_facet Ume Kalsooma
Sahar Arshad
Amerah Albarah
Imran Siddiqi
Saeed Ullah
Abdul Mateen
Farhan Amin
author_sort Ume Kalsooma
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In recent years, terrorism has increasingly threatened human security, causing violence, fear, and damage to both the general public and specific targets. These attacks create unrest among individuals and within society. Leveraging the recent advancements in deep machine learning, several intelligent systems have been developed to predict terrorist attacks. However, existing state-of-the-art models are limited, lack support for big data, suffer from accuracy issues, and require extensive modifications. Therefore, to fill this gap, herein, we propose an integrated Big Data deep learning-based predictive model to predict the probability of a terrorist attack. We treat the series of terrorist activities as a sequence modeling problem and propose a big data long short-term memory network. It is a layered model capable of processing large-scale data. Our proposed model can learn from past events and forecast future attacks. The proposed model predicts the likely location of future attacks at the city, country, and regional levels. The experimental study of the proposed model was carried out on the samples in the global terrorism dataset, and promising results are reported on a number of standard evaluation metrics, accuracy, precision, Recall, and F1 score. The obtained results suggest that the proposed model contributes substantially to predicting the probability of an attack at a particular location. The identification of potential locations of an attack allows law enforcement agencies to take suitable preventative measures to combat terrorism effectively.
format Article
id doaj-art-ea6002c8e2cb45ac99e7ac0a77a43680
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-ea6002c8e2cb45ac99e7ac0a77a436802025-08-20T03:03:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-08201-0A big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacksUme Kalsooma0Sahar Arshad1Amerah Albarah2Imran Siddiqi3Saeed Ullah4Abdul Mateen5Farhan Amin6Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence & Department of Computer Science, Bahria UniversityCenter of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence & Department of Computer Science, Bahria UniversityDepartment of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud UniversityCenter of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence & Department of Computer Science, Bahria UniversityDepartment of Computer Science, FUUASTDepartment of Computer Science, FUUASTSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Yeungnam UniversityAbstract In recent years, terrorism has increasingly threatened human security, causing violence, fear, and damage to both the general public and specific targets. These attacks create unrest among individuals and within society. Leveraging the recent advancements in deep machine learning, several intelligent systems have been developed to predict terrorist attacks. However, existing state-of-the-art models are limited, lack support for big data, suffer from accuracy issues, and require extensive modifications. Therefore, to fill this gap, herein, we propose an integrated Big Data deep learning-based predictive model to predict the probability of a terrorist attack. We treat the series of terrorist activities as a sequence modeling problem and propose a big data long short-term memory network. It is a layered model capable of processing large-scale data. Our proposed model can learn from past events and forecast future attacks. The proposed model predicts the likely location of future attacks at the city, country, and regional levels. The experimental study of the proposed model was carried out on the samples in the global terrorism dataset, and promising results are reported on a number of standard evaluation metrics, accuracy, precision, Recall, and F1 score. The obtained results suggest that the proposed model contributes substantially to predicting the probability of an attack at a particular location. The identification of potential locations of an attack allows law enforcement agencies to take suitable preventative measures to combat terrorism effectively.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08201-0Big dataDeep learningMachine learning
spellingShingle Ume Kalsooma
Sahar Arshad
Amerah Albarah
Imran Siddiqi
Saeed Ullah
Abdul Mateen
Farhan Amin
A big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacks
Scientific Reports
Big data
Deep learning
Machine learning
title A big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacks
title_full A big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacks
title_fullStr A big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacks
title_full_unstemmed A big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacks
title_short A big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacks
title_sort big data driven multilevel deep learning framework for predicting terrorist attacks
topic Big data
Deep learning
Machine learning
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08201-0
work_keys_str_mv AT umekalsooma abigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT sahararshad abigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT amerahalbarah abigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT imransiddiqi abigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT saeedullah abigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT abdulmateen abigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT farhanamin abigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT umekalsooma bigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT sahararshad bigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT amerahalbarah bigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT imransiddiqi bigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT saeedullah bigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT abdulmateen bigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks
AT farhanamin bigdatadrivenmultileveldeeplearningframeworkforpredictingterroristattacks