Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: A new frontier for the real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materials

In this study, the application framework of Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (CP-MIMS), a direct mass spectrometry technique, is extended for real-time monitoring of migration processes from food contact materials (FCMs) with a focus on Bisphenol A (BPA) as re-emerging contami...

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Main Authors: Maurizio Piergiovanni, Veronica Termopoli, Cristian Maffezzoni, Nicolò Riboni, Viviana Consonni, Federica Bianchi, Monica Mattarozzi, Davide Ballabio, Maria Careri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Green Analytical Chemistry
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577424001083
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author Maurizio Piergiovanni
Veronica Termopoli
Cristian Maffezzoni
Nicolò Riboni
Viviana Consonni
Federica Bianchi
Monica Mattarozzi
Davide Ballabio
Maria Careri
author_facet Maurizio Piergiovanni
Veronica Termopoli
Cristian Maffezzoni
Nicolò Riboni
Viviana Consonni
Federica Bianchi
Monica Mattarozzi
Davide Ballabio
Maria Careri
author_sort Maurizio Piergiovanni
collection DOAJ
description In this study, the application framework of Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (CP-MIMS), a direct mass spectrometry technique, is extended for real-time monitoring of migration processes from food contact materials (FCMs) with a focus on Bisphenol A (BPA) as re-emerging contaminant. The whole instrumental system was properly designed to meet important requirements in terms of signal stability, low noise and ease of handling. A dedicated MATLAB APP was developed for semi-automated processing of instrumental output. A full factorial experimental design was applied to optimize five response variables by varying the acceptor phase flow-rate and composition, stirring, temperature, and membrane length. The CP-MIMS method was validated in tap water and food simulants, obtaining detection limits in the 0.8–6 µg/kg range. Considering the great advantage of real-time analysis of BPA migration from FCMs, not yet explored in literature, its high sample throughput and compliance with the green analytical chemistry principles, the CP-MIMS method has proven to be suitable for the determination of BPA below the specific migration limit established by the EU (0.05 mg/kg). The applicability of the method was demonstrated by performing migration tests on plastic articles, acquiring the migration profile of BPA over time for samples that showed detectable release of BPA. Excellent trueness was proved by comparison with a confirmatory liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method. This study provides important insights into the role of CP-MIMS in scientific research to achieve valuable temporal resolution in the study of dynamic processes, such as the release of compounds from FCMs.
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spelling doaj-art-ea5e2190cca54146aac2029eec3447382025-08-20T02:40:10ZengElsevierGreen Analytical Chemistry2772-57742025-03-011210019910.1016/j.greeac.2024.100199Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: A new frontier for the real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materialsMaurizio Piergiovanni0Veronica Termopoli1Cristian Maffezzoni2Nicolò Riboni3Viviana Consonni4Federica Bianchi5Monica Mattarozzi6Davide Ballabio7Maria Careri8Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, ItalyMilano Chemometrics and QSAR Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy; Corresponding authors.Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, ItalyMilano Chemometrics and QSAR Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy; Corresponding authors.Milano Chemometrics and QSAR Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, ItalyIn this study, the application framework of Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (CP-MIMS), a direct mass spectrometry technique, is extended for real-time monitoring of migration processes from food contact materials (FCMs) with a focus on Bisphenol A (BPA) as re-emerging contaminant. The whole instrumental system was properly designed to meet important requirements in terms of signal stability, low noise and ease of handling. A dedicated MATLAB APP was developed for semi-automated processing of instrumental output. A full factorial experimental design was applied to optimize five response variables by varying the acceptor phase flow-rate and composition, stirring, temperature, and membrane length. The CP-MIMS method was validated in tap water and food simulants, obtaining detection limits in the 0.8–6 µg/kg range. Considering the great advantage of real-time analysis of BPA migration from FCMs, not yet explored in literature, its high sample throughput and compliance with the green analytical chemistry principles, the CP-MIMS method has proven to be suitable for the determination of BPA below the specific migration limit established by the EU (0.05 mg/kg). The applicability of the method was demonstrated by performing migration tests on plastic articles, acquiring the migration profile of BPA over time for samples that showed detectable release of BPA. Excellent trueness was proved by comparison with a confirmatory liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method. This study provides important insights into the role of CP-MIMS in scientific research to achieve valuable temporal resolution in the study of dynamic processes, such as the release of compounds from FCMs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577424001083Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometryBisphenol AReal-time monitoringFood contact materialsGreen analytical chemistry
spellingShingle Maurizio Piergiovanni
Veronica Termopoli
Cristian Maffezzoni
Nicolò Riboni
Viviana Consonni
Federica Bianchi
Monica Mattarozzi
Davide Ballabio
Maria Careri
Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: A new frontier for the real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materials
Green Analytical Chemistry
Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry
Bisphenol A
Real-time monitoring
Food contact materials
Green analytical chemistry
title Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: A new frontier for the real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materials
title_full Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: A new frontier for the real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materials
title_fullStr Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: A new frontier for the real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materials
title_full_unstemmed Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: A new frontier for the real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materials
title_short Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: A new frontier for the real-time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materials
title_sort condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry a new frontier for the real time monitoring of hazardous chemical migration from food contact materials
topic Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry
Bisphenol A
Real-time monitoring
Food contact materials
Green analytical chemistry
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577424001083
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