Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti-ageing activity of ellagic acid

Abstract To overcome natural skin barrier, deliver ellagic acid (EA) to the dermis, and promote its anti-ageing efficacy, oligomeric hyaluronic acid (HA) modified EA-loaded liposomes (EA-HA-L) were constructed via self-synthesized different molecular weights of HA linked cholesterol (HA-Chol), and t...

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Main Authors: Xiaojing Yang, Kaiyuan Miao, Zhiwei Chen, Yan Meng, Jie Xiang, Chiqing Chen, Xinyan Chen, Zhaohua Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06948-0
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author Xiaojing Yang
Kaiyuan Miao
Zhiwei Chen
Yan Meng
Jie Xiang
Chiqing Chen
Xinyan Chen
Zhaohua Shi
author_facet Xiaojing Yang
Kaiyuan Miao
Zhiwei Chen
Yan Meng
Jie Xiang
Chiqing Chen
Xinyan Chen
Zhaohua Shi
author_sort Xiaojing Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract To overcome natural skin barrier, deliver ellagic acid (EA) to the dermis, and promote its anti-ageing efficacy, oligomeric hyaluronic acid (HA) modified EA-loaded liposomes (EA-HA-L) were constructed via self-synthesized different molecular weights of HA linked cholesterol (HA-Chol), and then the effect of HA molecular weight on the skin permeability of EA was explored to clarify the optimal molecular weight of HA with best transdermal delivery effectiveness. Finally, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to survey the transdermal mechanism, skin irritation, antioxidant, anti-photo ageing and antiwrinkle effects of EA-loaded liposomes modified with the optimal molecular weight of HA. The results showed that EA-HA-L had less than 200 nm particle size and high encapsulation efficiency. Among them, 5 kDa of oligomeric HA-modified liposomes (EA-HA5k-L) maximized the skin penetration and retention of EA and promoted the distribution width of EA in the skin far beyond the thickness of the epidermal layer, indicating its good ability to deliver EA to the dermis. EA-HA5k-L displayed uniformly sized nanosphere morphology and slow-release behavior in neutral and acidic environments that simulated skin. The transdermal mechanism of EA-HA5k-L was proven to be related to the loosening of the stratum corneum, reduction of calcium adhesion proteins, and recognition of CD44 receptor. EA-HA5k-L had no irritant effect on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane, with an irritant index close to 0.9% NaCl. EA-HA5k-L not only improved the clearance rate of EA on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals but also elevated its inhibition effect on elastase. Significantly, compared to free EA and EA-loaded liposomes without oligomeric HA modification (EA-L), EA-HA5k-L significantly increased the cellular uptake of EA through receptor-mediated endocytosis, and effectively blocked the increase in metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) content and decrease in type I collagen content induced by UVB in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), demonstrating better anti-photo ageing effectiveness. Moreover, EA-HA5k-L upregulated the relative expression of the elastin gene and three types of type I collagen gene (col1a1a, col1a1b, and col1a2) in zebrafish, and its expression promotion rates in col1a1b, col1a2 and elastin were remarkably higher than those of free EA, EA-L, and acetyl hexapeptide-8 as positive control. Conclusively, EA-HA5k-L ameliorated the anti-ageing effectiveness of EA due to the successful transdermal delivery and efficient cellular uptake, and 5 kDa of oligomeric HA-modified liposomes may be a promising transdermal delivery carrier to overcome skin barrier and upgrade the application prospects of EA in anti-skin ageing.
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spelling doaj-art-ea521128b2a54a709e2a1324865b09072025-08-20T03:05:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-06948-0Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti-ageing activity of ellagic acidXiaojing Yang0Kaiyuan Miao1Zhiwei Chen2Yan Meng3Jie Xiang4Chiqing Chen5Xinyan Chen6Zhaohua Shi7School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWufeng Chicheng Biotech Co., LtdWufeng Chicheng Biotech Co., LtdSchool of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineKey Laboratory of Resource and Chinese Medicine Compounding, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineAbstract To overcome natural skin barrier, deliver ellagic acid (EA) to the dermis, and promote its anti-ageing efficacy, oligomeric hyaluronic acid (HA) modified EA-loaded liposomes (EA-HA-L) were constructed via self-synthesized different molecular weights of HA linked cholesterol (HA-Chol), and then the effect of HA molecular weight on the skin permeability of EA was explored to clarify the optimal molecular weight of HA with best transdermal delivery effectiveness. Finally, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to survey the transdermal mechanism, skin irritation, antioxidant, anti-photo ageing and antiwrinkle effects of EA-loaded liposomes modified with the optimal molecular weight of HA. The results showed that EA-HA-L had less than 200 nm particle size and high encapsulation efficiency. Among them, 5 kDa of oligomeric HA-modified liposomes (EA-HA5k-L) maximized the skin penetration and retention of EA and promoted the distribution width of EA in the skin far beyond the thickness of the epidermal layer, indicating its good ability to deliver EA to the dermis. EA-HA5k-L displayed uniformly sized nanosphere morphology and slow-release behavior in neutral and acidic environments that simulated skin. The transdermal mechanism of EA-HA5k-L was proven to be related to the loosening of the stratum corneum, reduction of calcium adhesion proteins, and recognition of CD44 receptor. EA-HA5k-L had no irritant effect on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane, with an irritant index close to 0.9% NaCl. EA-HA5k-L not only improved the clearance rate of EA on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals but also elevated its inhibition effect on elastase. Significantly, compared to free EA and EA-loaded liposomes without oligomeric HA modification (EA-L), EA-HA5k-L significantly increased the cellular uptake of EA through receptor-mediated endocytosis, and effectively blocked the increase in metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) content and decrease in type I collagen content induced by UVB in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), demonstrating better anti-photo ageing effectiveness. Moreover, EA-HA5k-L upregulated the relative expression of the elastin gene and three types of type I collagen gene (col1a1a, col1a1b, and col1a2) in zebrafish, and its expression promotion rates in col1a1b, col1a2 and elastin were remarkably higher than those of free EA, EA-L, and acetyl hexapeptide-8 as positive control. Conclusively, EA-HA5k-L ameliorated the anti-ageing effectiveness of EA due to the successful transdermal delivery and efficient cellular uptake, and 5 kDa of oligomeric HA-modified liposomes may be a promising transdermal delivery carrier to overcome skin barrier and upgrade the application prospects of EA in anti-skin ageing.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06948-0Ellagic acidHyaluronic acid-modified cholesterolLiposomesSkin permeabilityAnti-ageing
spellingShingle Xiaojing Yang
Kaiyuan Miao
Zhiwei Chen
Yan Meng
Jie Xiang
Chiqing Chen
Xinyan Chen
Zhaohua Shi
Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti-ageing activity of ellagic acid
Scientific Reports
Ellagic acid
Hyaluronic acid-modified cholesterol
Liposomes
Skin permeability
Anti-ageing
title Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti-ageing activity of ellagic acid
title_full Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti-ageing activity of ellagic acid
title_fullStr Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti-ageing activity of ellagic acid
title_full_unstemmed Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti-ageing activity of ellagic acid
title_short Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti-ageing activity of ellagic acid
title_sort oligomeric hyaluronic acid modified liposomes effectively improved skin permeability and anti ageing activity of ellagic acid
topic Ellagic acid
Hyaluronic acid-modified cholesterol
Liposomes
Skin permeability
Anti-ageing
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06948-0
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