Interpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiome

Abstract Hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout result from imbalances in uric acid metabolism and are closely associated with the gut microbiota. Advanced analytical methods facilitate the exploration of microbiota complexity. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing data from stool samples of 233 patients were th...

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Main Authors: Jia-Wei Tang, Alfred Chin Yen Tay, Liang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04125-x
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author Jia-Wei Tang
Alfred Chin Yen Tay
Liang Wang
author_facet Jia-Wei Tang
Alfred Chin Yen Tay
Liang Wang
author_sort Jia-Wei Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout result from imbalances in uric acid metabolism and are closely associated with the gut microbiota. Advanced analytical methods facilitate the exploration of microbiota complexity. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing data from stool samples of 233 patients were thoroughly collected. Machine learning (ML) and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretability algorithms were applied to identify core taxa and predict the metabolic functions. The results revealed that the high-contribution core taxa identified by SHAP in each group, such as Oscillospiraceae_UCG-005 and Rhodococcus provided the basis for ML prediction. Among the five classification models, Random Forest (RF) achieved the best diagnostic performance, with prediction accuracy ranging from 82 to 96%. Metabolic function predictions indicated that the purine metabolism pathway contributes the most to distinguishing gout from other groups. In sum, ML-based 16S rRNA sequencing reveals key gut microbiome biomarkers, aiding new diagnostic strategies for HUA and gout. Graphical Abstract
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2180
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publisher BMC
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series BMC Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-ea4f921ec72643c69201861e8cd374ed2025-08-20T03:42:23ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-07-0125111210.1186/s12866-025-04125-xInterpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiomeJia-Wei Tang0Alfred Chin Yen Tay1Liang Wang2The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western AustraliaThe Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western AustraliaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityAbstract Hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout result from imbalances in uric acid metabolism and are closely associated with the gut microbiota. Advanced analytical methods facilitate the exploration of microbiota complexity. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing data from stool samples of 233 patients were thoroughly collected. Machine learning (ML) and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretability algorithms were applied to identify core taxa and predict the metabolic functions. The results revealed that the high-contribution core taxa identified by SHAP in each group, such as Oscillospiraceae_UCG-005 and Rhodococcus provided the basis for ML prediction. Among the five classification models, Random Forest (RF) achieved the best diagnostic performance, with prediction accuracy ranging from 82 to 96%. Metabolic function predictions indicated that the purine metabolism pathway contributes the most to distinguishing gout from other groups. In sum, ML-based 16S rRNA sequencing reveals key gut microbiome biomarkers, aiding new diagnostic strategies for HUA and gout. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04125-xUric acidHyperuricemiaGoutMachine learningPurine metabolism
spellingShingle Jia-Wei Tang
Alfred Chin Yen Tay
Liang Wang
Interpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiome
BMC Microbiology
Uric acid
Hyperuricemia
Gout
Machine learning
Purine metabolism
title Interpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiome
title_full Interpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiome
title_fullStr Interpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiome
title_full_unstemmed Interpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiome
title_short Interpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiome
title_sort interpretive prediction of hyperuricemia and gout patients via machine learning analysis of human gut microbiome
topic Uric acid
Hyperuricemia
Gout
Machine learning
Purine metabolism
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04125-x
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AT alfredchinyentay interpretivepredictionofhyperuricemiaandgoutpatientsviamachinelearninganalysisofhumangutmicrobiome
AT liangwang interpretivepredictionofhyperuricemiaandgoutpatientsviamachinelearninganalysisofhumangutmicrobiome