Construction of a High-Resolution Temperature Dataset at 40–110 KM over China Utilizing TIMED/SABER and FY-4A Satellite Data

This study aims to develop a high-resolution temperature dataset from 40 km to 110 km over China by machine learning techniques, with a horizontal resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and vertical resolution of 1 km, utilizing measurements from SABER onboard the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics,...

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Main Authors: Qian Ye, Mohan Liu, Dan Du, Xiaoxin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Atmosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/758
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author Qian Ye
Mohan Liu
Dan Du
Xiaoxin Zhang
author_facet Qian Ye
Mohan Liu
Dan Du
Xiaoxin Zhang
author_sort Qian Ye
collection DOAJ
description This study aims to develop a high-resolution temperature dataset from 40 km to 110 km over China by machine learning techniques, with a horizontal resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and vertical resolution of 1 km, utilizing measurements from SABER onboard the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) and Fengyun 4A (FY-4A) satellites. Accurate temperature profiles play a critical role in understanding the atmospheric dynamics and climate change. However, because of the limitation of traditional detecting methods, the measurements of the upper stratosphere and mesosphere are rare. In this study, a new method is developed to construct a high-resolution temperature dataset over China in the middle atmosphere based on the XGBoost technique. The model’s performance is also validated based on rocket observations and ERA5 reanalysis data. The results indicate that the model effectively captures the characteristics of the vertical and seasonal variations in temperature, which provide a valuable opportunity for further research and improvement of climate models. The model demonstrates the highest accuracy below 80 km with RMSE < 12 K, while its performance decreases above 100 km, where RMSE can exceed 20 K, indicating optimal performance in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere regions.
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spelling doaj-art-ea3edbc97f3c4f85a0c172f22659159e2025-08-20T03:58:25ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-06-0116775810.3390/atmos16070758Construction of a High-Resolution Temperature Dataset at 40–110 KM over China Utilizing TIMED/SABER and FY-4A Satellite DataQian Ye0Mohan Liu1Dan Du2Xiaoxin Zhang3Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Space Weather, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Space Weather, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Space Weather, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaThis study aims to develop a high-resolution temperature dataset from 40 km to 110 km over China by machine learning techniques, with a horizontal resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and vertical resolution of 1 km, utilizing measurements from SABER onboard the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) and Fengyun 4A (FY-4A) satellites. Accurate temperature profiles play a critical role in understanding the atmospheric dynamics and climate change. However, because of the limitation of traditional detecting methods, the measurements of the upper stratosphere and mesosphere are rare. In this study, a new method is developed to construct a high-resolution temperature dataset over China in the middle atmosphere based on the XGBoost technique. The model’s performance is also validated based on rocket observations and ERA5 reanalysis data. The results indicate that the model effectively captures the characteristics of the vertical and seasonal variations in temperature, which provide a valuable opportunity for further research and improvement of climate models. The model demonstrates the highest accuracy below 80 km with RMSE < 12 K, while its performance decreases above 100 km, where RMSE can exceed 20 K, indicating optimal performance in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/758middle atmospheresatellite date fusionXGBoost
spellingShingle Qian Ye
Mohan Liu
Dan Du
Xiaoxin Zhang
Construction of a High-Resolution Temperature Dataset at 40–110 KM over China Utilizing TIMED/SABER and FY-4A Satellite Data
Atmosphere
middle atmosphere
satellite date fusion
XGBoost
title Construction of a High-Resolution Temperature Dataset at 40–110 KM over China Utilizing TIMED/SABER and FY-4A Satellite Data
title_full Construction of a High-Resolution Temperature Dataset at 40–110 KM over China Utilizing TIMED/SABER and FY-4A Satellite Data
title_fullStr Construction of a High-Resolution Temperature Dataset at 40–110 KM over China Utilizing TIMED/SABER and FY-4A Satellite Data
title_full_unstemmed Construction of a High-Resolution Temperature Dataset at 40–110 KM over China Utilizing TIMED/SABER and FY-4A Satellite Data
title_short Construction of a High-Resolution Temperature Dataset at 40–110 KM over China Utilizing TIMED/SABER and FY-4A Satellite Data
title_sort construction of a high resolution temperature dataset at 40 110 km over china utilizing timed saber and fy 4a satellite data
topic middle atmosphere
satellite date fusion
XGBoost
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/758
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