High inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid; Impacts on growth, immunology, histopathology, and metabolomics of pacific shrimp
This research aimed to examine the impacts of adding butyric acid (BA) at elevated levels to corn gluten meal (CGM) in the Pacific shrimp diet. This study analyzed how adding BA to the diet impacts shrimp growth performance, immunology, metabolomics, and histopathological responses. A total of 720 s...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Aquaculture Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425001371 |
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| author | Mpwaga Alatwinusa Yohana Gyan Watson Ray Kou Shiyu Beiping Tan Qihui Yang |
| author_facet | Mpwaga Alatwinusa Yohana Gyan Watson Ray Kou Shiyu Beiping Tan Qihui Yang |
| author_sort | Mpwaga Alatwinusa Yohana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research aimed to examine the impacts of adding butyric acid (BA) at elevated levels to corn gluten meal (CGM) in the Pacific shrimp diet. This study analyzed how adding BA to the diet impacts shrimp growth performance, immunology, metabolomics, and histopathological responses. A total of 720 shrimp were divided into six groups, each receiving a different level of BA supplementation: 0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, 2 %, and 2.5 %. The experiment spanned 56 days, with three replicates for each group. The initial mean weight of the shrimp was 0.18 ± 0.00 g. The results of the study indicated that final weight (FW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) all showed significant increases with increased levels of dietary BA (P < 0.05). The survival rate (SR) was 100 % across all treatment groups. Additionally, dietary BA led to a significant decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR), with the most pronounced effect observed in the 1.5 % BA group (P < 0.05). The addition of BA to the diet resulted in a significant increase in the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). At the same time, the levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Interestingly, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased with higher BA supplementation, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in shrimp-fed BA diets. Histological analysis of the hepatopancreas showed that shrimp-fed diets containing 1 % and 1.5 % BA had significantly higher B and R-cell numbers than the control group. Metabolomics analysis revealed that fatty acids such as palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), stearic acid, and arachidonic acid were up-regulated in BA diets. The slope broken-line regression analysis of WGR against dietary BA levels suggested that the optimal BA requirement for L. vannamei shrimp was estimated to be 1.25 %. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea39dad7232e4797bd2c5c02eb52c3cd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2352-5134 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aquaculture Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea39dad7232e4797bd2c5c02eb52c3cd2025-08-20T02:31:12ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342025-07-014210275110.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102751High inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid; Impacts on growth, immunology, histopathology, and metabolomics of pacific shrimpMpwaga Alatwinusa Yohana0Gyan Watson Ray1Kou Shiyu2Beiping Tan3Qihui Yang4College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088,PR ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088,PR ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088,PR ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088,PR ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088,PR China; Corresponding author at: College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China.This research aimed to examine the impacts of adding butyric acid (BA) at elevated levels to corn gluten meal (CGM) in the Pacific shrimp diet. This study analyzed how adding BA to the diet impacts shrimp growth performance, immunology, metabolomics, and histopathological responses. A total of 720 shrimp were divided into six groups, each receiving a different level of BA supplementation: 0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, 2 %, and 2.5 %. The experiment spanned 56 days, with three replicates for each group. The initial mean weight of the shrimp was 0.18 ± 0.00 g. The results of the study indicated that final weight (FW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) all showed significant increases with increased levels of dietary BA (P < 0.05). The survival rate (SR) was 100 % across all treatment groups. Additionally, dietary BA led to a significant decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR), with the most pronounced effect observed in the 1.5 % BA group (P < 0.05). The addition of BA to the diet resulted in a significant increase in the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). At the same time, the levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Interestingly, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased with higher BA supplementation, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in shrimp-fed BA diets. Histological analysis of the hepatopancreas showed that shrimp-fed diets containing 1 % and 1.5 % BA had significantly higher B and R-cell numbers than the control group. Metabolomics analysis revealed that fatty acids such as palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), stearic acid, and arachidonic acid were up-regulated in BA diets. The slope broken-line regression analysis of WGR against dietary BA levels suggested that the optimal BA requirement for L. vannamei shrimp was estimated to be 1.25 %.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425001371Butyric acidGrowthImmunityLitopenaeus vannameMetabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Mpwaga Alatwinusa Yohana Gyan Watson Ray Kou Shiyu Beiping Tan Qihui Yang High inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid; Impacts on growth, immunology, histopathology, and metabolomics of pacific shrimp Aquaculture Reports Butyric acid Growth Immunity Litopenaeus vanname Metabolomics |
| title | High inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid; Impacts on growth, immunology, histopathology, and metabolomics of pacific shrimp |
| title_full | High inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid; Impacts on growth, immunology, histopathology, and metabolomics of pacific shrimp |
| title_fullStr | High inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid; Impacts on growth, immunology, histopathology, and metabolomics of pacific shrimp |
| title_full_unstemmed | High inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid; Impacts on growth, immunology, histopathology, and metabolomics of pacific shrimp |
| title_short | High inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid; Impacts on growth, immunology, histopathology, and metabolomics of pacific shrimp |
| title_sort | high inclusion of corn gluten meal supplemented with butyric acid impacts on growth immunology histopathology and metabolomics of pacific shrimp |
| topic | Butyric acid Growth Immunity Litopenaeus vanname Metabolomics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425001371 |
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