Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in Norway

Background: Migrants are known to have an increased risk for adverse complications during delivery. However, it is not known whether undocumented migrants have a different risk profile compared to documented migrants and non-migrants. Better knowledge about undocumented migrants’ reproductive outcom...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ragnhild Misje, Frode Eick, Odd Martin Vallersnes, Heidi E. Fjeld, Ingvil K. Sørbye, Cecilie Dahl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Migration and Health
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666623525000170
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849722078536663040
author Ragnhild Misje
Frode Eick
Odd Martin Vallersnes
Heidi E. Fjeld
Ingvil K. Sørbye
Cecilie Dahl
author_facet Ragnhild Misje
Frode Eick
Odd Martin Vallersnes
Heidi E. Fjeld
Ingvil K. Sørbye
Cecilie Dahl
author_sort Ragnhild Misje
collection DOAJ
description Background: Migrants are known to have an increased risk for adverse complications during delivery. However, it is not known whether undocumented migrants have a different risk profile compared to documented migrants and non-migrants. Better knowledge about undocumented migrants’ reproductive outcomes is crucial to enable targeted preventive interventions. Method: We performed a historical register-based population study based on numbers from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) from 1999 to 2020. Women aged 18–49 years with singleton births were included, in total 1,247,537 births. Legal status, i.e., undocumented migrants (without a Norwegian identity number), documented migrants (with a Norwegian identity number and born abroad) and non-migrants (with a Norwegian identity number and born in Norway), was used as the exposure. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between legal status and adverse maternal birth outcomes. Results: In total 5856 undocumented migrant women gave birth during the study period, representing 0.5 % of all births in Norway. Undocumented migrants had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.39 (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 1.28–1.50) for an acute CS and OR=0.86 (95 % CI 0.76–0.98) for a planned CS, both compared to non-migrants. Similarly, the OR for severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) was =1.22 (95 % CI 1.03–1.43) and OR=0.69 (95 % CI=0.56–0.85) for anal sphincter injury. None of the results were significantly different when documented migrants were used as the reference group. Conclusion: Undocumented migrants have an increased risk of adverse maternal birth complications compared to non-migrants, but not different from documented migrants. This indicates that for maternal birth complications, factors concerning migration may affect the risk profile to a larger degree than legal status.
format Article
id doaj-art-ea36795be97f450abcc315801e9a716f
institution DOAJ
issn 2666-6235
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Migration and Health
spelling doaj-art-ea36795be97f450abcc315801e9a716f2025-08-20T03:11:26ZengElsevierJournal of Migration and Health2666-62352025-01-011110031810.1016/j.jmh.2025.100318Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in NorwayRagnhild Misje0Frode Eick1Odd Martin Vallersnes2Heidi E. Fjeld3Ingvil K. Sørbye4Cecilie Dahl5Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway; Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, Department of Emergency General Practice, City of Oslo Health Agency, NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Obstetrics, Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, NorwayDepartment of Public Health Science, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Address: Postboks 1130 Blindern, Oslo 0318, Norway; Corresponding author.Background: Migrants are known to have an increased risk for adverse complications during delivery. However, it is not known whether undocumented migrants have a different risk profile compared to documented migrants and non-migrants. Better knowledge about undocumented migrants’ reproductive outcomes is crucial to enable targeted preventive interventions. Method: We performed a historical register-based population study based on numbers from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) from 1999 to 2020. Women aged 18–49 years with singleton births were included, in total 1,247,537 births. Legal status, i.e., undocumented migrants (without a Norwegian identity number), documented migrants (with a Norwegian identity number and born abroad) and non-migrants (with a Norwegian identity number and born in Norway), was used as the exposure. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between legal status and adverse maternal birth outcomes. Results: In total 5856 undocumented migrant women gave birth during the study period, representing 0.5 % of all births in Norway. Undocumented migrants had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.39 (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 1.28–1.50) for an acute CS and OR=0.86 (95 % CI 0.76–0.98) for a planned CS, both compared to non-migrants. Similarly, the OR for severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) was =1.22 (95 % CI 1.03–1.43) and OR=0.69 (95 % CI=0.56–0.85) for anal sphincter injury. None of the results were significantly different when documented migrants were used as the reference group. Conclusion: Undocumented migrants have an increased risk of adverse maternal birth complications compared to non-migrants, but not different from documented migrants. This indicates that for maternal birth complications, factors concerning migration may affect the risk profile to a larger degree than legal status.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666623525000170Caesarean Section (CS)IrregularMaternal healthMigrantsUndocumentedUniversal health coverage
spellingShingle Ragnhild Misje
Frode Eick
Odd Martin Vallersnes
Heidi E. Fjeld
Ingvil K. Sørbye
Cecilie Dahl
Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in Norway
Journal of Migration and Health
Caesarean Section (CS)
Irregular
Maternal health
Migrants
Undocumented
Universal health coverage
title Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in Norway
title_full Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in Norway
title_fullStr Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in Norway
title_full_unstemmed Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in Norway
title_short Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in Norway
title_sort increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in norway
topic Caesarean Section (CS)
Irregular
Maternal health
Migrants
Undocumented
Universal health coverage
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666623525000170
work_keys_str_mv AT ragnhildmisje increasedriskofadversematernalpregnancyoutcomesamongundocumentedmigrantsinnorway
AT frodeeick increasedriskofadversematernalpregnancyoutcomesamongundocumentedmigrantsinnorway
AT oddmartinvallersnes increasedriskofadversematernalpregnancyoutcomesamongundocumentedmigrantsinnorway
AT heidiefjeld increasedriskofadversematernalpregnancyoutcomesamongundocumentedmigrantsinnorway
AT ingvilksørbye increasedriskofadversematernalpregnancyoutcomesamongundocumentedmigrantsinnorway
AT ceciliedahl increasedriskofadversematernalpregnancyoutcomesamongundocumentedmigrantsinnorway