Determination of Volatile Compounds in Raw Milk with Mastitis

Mastitis is a prevalent and economically significant disease in dairy cattle, affecting milk composition and quality. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is more common and often asymptomatic. It can alter the chemical and cellular composition of milk, making it more difficult to process and potentially affe...

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Main Authors: Nükhet Nilüfer Demirel Zorba, Seda Özdikmenli Tepeli, Musa Yalman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Atatürk University 2025-04-01
Series:Food Science and Engineering Research
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Online Access:https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4748092
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author Nükhet Nilüfer Demirel Zorba
Seda Özdikmenli Tepeli
Musa Yalman
author_facet Nükhet Nilüfer Demirel Zorba
Seda Özdikmenli Tepeli
Musa Yalman
author_sort Nükhet Nilüfer Demirel Zorba
collection DOAJ
description Mastitis is a prevalent and economically significant disease in dairy cattle, affecting milk composition and quality. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is more common and often asymptomatic. It can alter the chemical and cellular composition of milk, making it more difficult to process and potentially affecting the quality of dairy. This study aimed to investigate the volatile compounds present in raw cow's milk using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Milk samples were collected from various producers in Çanakkale, Biga and Yenice districts in Türkiye. From these, 10 samples that tested positive in the California Mastitis Test (CMT) were selected for analysis. A total of 49 volatile compounds were determined, including hydrocarbons (9), alcohols (4), aldehydes (3), ketones (7), acids (4), esters (11), terpenes (1), aromatic compounds (5), nitrogenous compounds (1), and other compounds (4). The most prevalent volatile components were butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, and n-decanoic acid, which contribute to rancid and cheesy flavors in the milk. Other notable compounds detected included acetoin, various ketones, terpenes like d-limonene, and alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-butanol. The presence of these compounds is largely attributed to the metabolic activities of lactic acid bacteria and the degradation of fatty acids. The findings indicate that SCM significantly alters the volatile compound profile of milk, leading to the development of off-flavors that could impact the sensory quality of dairy products. The aim of this study is to provide information about the chemical changes that may occur in raw milk associated with SCM and to emphasize the importance of monitoring milk quality to ensure consumer safety and uphold high standards in dairy product quality.
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spelling doaj-art-ea2aa4cc4d88406c95db17c55481c8232025-08-20T03:09:39ZengAtatürk UniversityFood Science and Engineering Research2980-14512025-04-014171610.5281/zenodo.1386197855Determination of Volatile Compounds in Raw Milk with MastitisNükhet Nilüfer Demirel Zorba0Seda Özdikmenli Tepeli1Musa Yalman2ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ PR.CANAKKALE ONSEKIZ MART UNIVERSITY, YENİCE VOCATIONAL SCHOOLBANDIRMA ONYEDI EYLUL UNIVERSITY, BANDIRMA VOCATIONAL SCHOOLMastitis is a prevalent and economically significant disease in dairy cattle, affecting milk composition and quality. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is more common and often asymptomatic. It can alter the chemical and cellular composition of milk, making it more difficult to process and potentially affecting the quality of dairy. This study aimed to investigate the volatile compounds present in raw cow's milk using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Milk samples were collected from various producers in Çanakkale, Biga and Yenice districts in Türkiye. From these, 10 samples that tested positive in the California Mastitis Test (CMT) were selected for analysis. A total of 49 volatile compounds were determined, including hydrocarbons (9), alcohols (4), aldehydes (3), ketones (7), acids (4), esters (11), terpenes (1), aromatic compounds (5), nitrogenous compounds (1), and other compounds (4). The most prevalent volatile components were butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, and n-decanoic acid, which contribute to rancid and cheesy flavors in the milk. Other notable compounds detected included acetoin, various ketones, terpenes like d-limonene, and alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-butanol. The presence of these compounds is largely attributed to the metabolic activities of lactic acid bacteria and the degradation of fatty acids. The findings indicate that SCM significantly alters the volatile compound profile of milk, leading to the development of off-flavors that could impact the sensory quality of dairy products. The aim of this study is to provide information about the chemical changes that may occur in raw milk associated with SCM and to emphasize the importance of monitoring milk quality to ensure consumer safety and uphold high standards in dairy product quality.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4748092mastitissubklinikcmt testsütuçucu bileşenaromamastitissubclinicalcmt testmilkvolatile compoundaroma
spellingShingle Nükhet Nilüfer Demirel Zorba
Seda Özdikmenli Tepeli
Musa Yalman
Determination of Volatile Compounds in Raw Milk with Mastitis
Food Science and Engineering Research
mastitis
subklinik
cmt test
süt
uçucu bileşen
aroma
mastitis
subclinical
cmt test
milk
volatile compound
aroma
title Determination of Volatile Compounds in Raw Milk with Mastitis
title_full Determination of Volatile Compounds in Raw Milk with Mastitis
title_fullStr Determination of Volatile Compounds in Raw Milk with Mastitis
title_full_unstemmed Determination of Volatile Compounds in Raw Milk with Mastitis
title_short Determination of Volatile Compounds in Raw Milk with Mastitis
title_sort determination of volatile compounds in raw milk with mastitis
topic mastitis
subklinik
cmt test
süt
uçucu bileşen
aroma
mastitis
subclinical
cmt test
milk
volatile compound
aroma
url https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4748092
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AT sedaozdikmenlitepeli determinationofvolatilecompoundsinrawmilkwithmastitis
AT musayalman determinationofvolatilecompoundsinrawmilkwithmastitis