Structural, Morphological, and Antibacterial Attributes of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Hummers’ and Brodie’s Methods
Graphite oxidation to graphene oxide (GO) is carried out using methods developed by Brodie (GO-B) and Hummers (GO-H). However, a comparison of the antibacterial properties based on the physicochemical properties has not been performed. Therefore, this paper outlines a comparative analysis of GO-H an...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Vittorio Marsala Yuriy Gerasymchuk Maria Luisa Saladino Emil Paluch Magdalena Wawrzyńska Vitalii Boiko Xiang Li Cristina Giordano Dariusz Hreniak Beata Sobieszczańska |
| author_facet | Vittorio Marsala Yuriy Gerasymchuk Maria Luisa Saladino Emil Paluch Magdalena Wawrzyńska Vitalii Boiko Xiang Li Cristina Giordano Dariusz Hreniak Beata Sobieszczańska |
| author_sort | Vittorio Marsala |
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| description | Graphite oxidation to graphene oxide (GO) is carried out using methods developed by Brodie (GO-B) and Hummers (GO-H). However, a comparison of the antibacterial properties based on the physicochemical properties has not been performed. Therefore, this paper outlines a comparative analysis of GO-H and GO-B on antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cultures and biofilms in an aqueous environment and discusses which of the properties of these GO nanomaterials have the most significant impact on the antibacterial activity of these materials. Synthesis of GO with Brodie’s and modified Hummers’ methods was followed by an evaluation of their structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties by Raman, FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The GO-B surface appeared more oxidized than that of GO-H, which could be crucial for interactions with bacteria. According to our results, GO-B demonstrated notably superior anti-biofilm efficacy. Despite its higher production cost, GO-B exhibits more excellent capabilities in combating bacterial biofilms than GO-H. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea128ab899e640f5803cbac0b476f1f6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea128ab899e640f5803cbac0b476f1f62025-01-24T13:43:13ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130224010.3390/molecules30020240Structural, Morphological, and Antibacterial Attributes of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Hummers’ and Brodie’s MethodsVittorio Marsala0Yuriy Gerasymchuk1Maria Luisa Saladino2Emil Paluch3Magdalena Wawrzyńska4Vitalii Boiko5Xiang Li6Cristina Giordano7Dariusz Hreniak8Beata Sobieszczańska9Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Department–STEBICEF, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDivision of Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, PolandBiological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Department–STEBICEF, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDivision of Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, PolandSchool of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UKSchool of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UKDivision of Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandGraphite oxidation to graphene oxide (GO) is carried out using methods developed by Brodie (GO-B) and Hummers (GO-H). However, a comparison of the antibacterial properties based on the physicochemical properties has not been performed. Therefore, this paper outlines a comparative analysis of GO-H and GO-B on antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cultures and biofilms in an aqueous environment and discusses which of the properties of these GO nanomaterials have the most significant impact on the antibacterial activity of these materials. Synthesis of GO with Brodie’s and modified Hummers’ methods was followed by an evaluation of their structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties by Raman, FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The GO-B surface appeared more oxidized than that of GO-H, which could be crucial for interactions with bacteria. According to our results, GO-B demonstrated notably superior anti-biofilm efficacy. Despite its higher production cost, GO-B exhibits more excellent capabilities in combating bacterial biofilms than GO-H.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/240graphene oxideaqueous nanodispersionsantibacterial activitybiofilm |
| spellingShingle | Vittorio Marsala Yuriy Gerasymchuk Maria Luisa Saladino Emil Paluch Magdalena Wawrzyńska Vitalii Boiko Xiang Li Cristina Giordano Dariusz Hreniak Beata Sobieszczańska Structural, Morphological, and Antibacterial Attributes of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Hummers’ and Brodie’s Methods Molecules graphene oxide aqueous nanodispersions antibacterial activity biofilm |
| title | Structural, Morphological, and Antibacterial Attributes of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Hummers’ and Brodie’s Methods |
| title_full | Structural, Morphological, and Antibacterial Attributes of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Hummers’ and Brodie’s Methods |
| title_fullStr | Structural, Morphological, and Antibacterial Attributes of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Hummers’ and Brodie’s Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural, Morphological, and Antibacterial Attributes of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Hummers’ and Brodie’s Methods |
| title_short | Structural, Morphological, and Antibacterial Attributes of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Hummers’ and Brodie’s Methods |
| title_sort | structural morphological and antibacterial attributes of graphene oxide prepared by hummers and brodie s methods |
| topic | graphene oxide aqueous nanodispersions antibacterial activity biofilm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/240 |
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