Space-time Characteristics of 16 PM2.5-bound Phthalates (PAEs) in Ambient Air from Shanghai: Profiles, Sources, Meteorological Effects, and Exposure Risks
Abstract Generated by chemical combinations between alcohols and phthalic anhydrites, phthalates are a group of synthetic chemicals broadly utilized as plasticizers. They occur in both particle and gas phases in the air causing threats to human health. In the study in hands, LC-MS/MS was employed fo...
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220465 |
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| author | Janvier Munyaneza Md Faysal Hossain Qilong Jia Yusen Duan Guangli Xiu |
| author_facet | Janvier Munyaneza Md Faysal Hossain Qilong Jia Yusen Duan Guangli Xiu |
| author_sort | Janvier Munyaneza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Generated by chemical combinations between alcohols and phthalic anhydrites, phthalates are a group of synthetic chemicals broadly utilized as plasticizers. They occur in both particle and gas phases in the air causing threats to human health. In the study in hands, LC-MS/MS was employed for the analysis of PM2.5-PAEs in 128 ambient PM2.5 samples from nine locations (urban, sub-urban and coastal) in Shanghai between February 2015 and September 2021. Six PAE congeners, namely di-n-butylphthalate (DBP), dimethylphthalate (DMP), diisononylphthalate (DINP), di-2-ethylphthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and di (2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP), which are grouped as (Σ6PAEs) were the most profuse species (with detection frequency (DF) ranging from 44.5% to 85.9%), with concentrations ranging between 26.85 (DEP) to 1840 ng m−3 (DIBP). Two congeners (DBP and DIBP) contributed significantly (79.4%) to the overall concentration of PAEs in the campaign, and exhibited a strong positive correlation (Spearman: r = 0.876, p < 0.05). Densely populated sites and those situated in periphery of manufacturing areas seemed to exhibit higher mean concentrations of Σ6PAEs. Daily mean and median concentrations comprising all the species (Σ16PAEs) were generally higher in samples collected during colder periods (38.3 and 37.5 ng m−3, respectively) rather than within samples gathered in warmer periods (31 and 26.9 ng m−3, respectively), though there wasn’t a statistically significant difference between mean concentrations for both periods (ANOVA: p > 0.05, F stat. < F critical). Statistically significant correlations were found between temperature and concentrations of both DBP and Σ16PAEs (p < 0.05, r = 0.34 and 0.35, respectively). Among population groups, an elevated daily intake (EDI) ranging from 1.04 to 27.95 ng kgBWt−1 day−1 was found for toddlers, with the highest estimated hazard index of 1.5 × 10−2. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea0d2dd411344b70aa0bfd872affd04c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
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| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea0d2dd411344b70aa0bfd872affd04c2025-02-09T12:22:28ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092023-08-01231112410.4209/aaqr.220465Space-time Characteristics of 16 PM2.5-bound Phthalates (PAEs) in Ambient Air from Shanghai: Profiles, Sources, Meteorological Effects, and Exposure RisksJanvier Munyaneza0Md Faysal Hossain1Qilong Jia2Yusen Duan3Guangli Xiu4Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & TechnologyShanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & TechnologyShanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & TechnologyShanghai Environmental Monitoring CentreShanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & TechnologyAbstract Generated by chemical combinations between alcohols and phthalic anhydrites, phthalates are a group of synthetic chemicals broadly utilized as plasticizers. They occur in both particle and gas phases in the air causing threats to human health. In the study in hands, LC-MS/MS was employed for the analysis of PM2.5-PAEs in 128 ambient PM2.5 samples from nine locations (urban, sub-urban and coastal) in Shanghai between February 2015 and September 2021. Six PAE congeners, namely di-n-butylphthalate (DBP), dimethylphthalate (DMP), diisononylphthalate (DINP), di-2-ethylphthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and di (2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP), which are grouped as (Σ6PAEs) were the most profuse species (with detection frequency (DF) ranging from 44.5% to 85.9%), with concentrations ranging between 26.85 (DEP) to 1840 ng m−3 (DIBP). Two congeners (DBP and DIBP) contributed significantly (79.4%) to the overall concentration of PAEs in the campaign, and exhibited a strong positive correlation (Spearman: r = 0.876, p < 0.05). Densely populated sites and those situated in periphery of manufacturing areas seemed to exhibit higher mean concentrations of Σ6PAEs. Daily mean and median concentrations comprising all the species (Σ16PAEs) were generally higher in samples collected during colder periods (38.3 and 37.5 ng m−3, respectively) rather than within samples gathered in warmer periods (31 and 26.9 ng m−3, respectively), though there wasn’t a statistically significant difference between mean concentrations for both periods (ANOVA: p > 0.05, F stat. < F critical). Statistically significant correlations were found between temperature and concentrations of both DBP and Σ16PAEs (p < 0.05, r = 0.34 and 0.35, respectively). Among population groups, an elevated daily intake (EDI) ranging from 1.04 to 27.95 ng kgBWt−1 day−1 was found for toddlers, with the highest estimated hazard index of 1.5 × 10−2.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220465Seasonal profilesHealth risk assessmentPM2.5-associated PAEsTemporal variationsSource identification |
| spellingShingle | Janvier Munyaneza Md Faysal Hossain Qilong Jia Yusen Duan Guangli Xiu Space-time Characteristics of 16 PM2.5-bound Phthalates (PAEs) in Ambient Air from Shanghai: Profiles, Sources, Meteorological Effects, and Exposure Risks Aerosol and Air Quality Research Seasonal profiles Health risk assessment PM2.5-associated PAEs Temporal variations Source identification |
| title | Space-time Characteristics of 16 PM2.5-bound Phthalates (PAEs) in Ambient Air from Shanghai: Profiles, Sources, Meteorological Effects, and Exposure Risks |
| title_full | Space-time Characteristics of 16 PM2.5-bound Phthalates (PAEs) in Ambient Air from Shanghai: Profiles, Sources, Meteorological Effects, and Exposure Risks |
| title_fullStr | Space-time Characteristics of 16 PM2.5-bound Phthalates (PAEs) in Ambient Air from Shanghai: Profiles, Sources, Meteorological Effects, and Exposure Risks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Space-time Characteristics of 16 PM2.5-bound Phthalates (PAEs) in Ambient Air from Shanghai: Profiles, Sources, Meteorological Effects, and Exposure Risks |
| title_short | Space-time Characteristics of 16 PM2.5-bound Phthalates (PAEs) in Ambient Air from Shanghai: Profiles, Sources, Meteorological Effects, and Exposure Risks |
| title_sort | space time characteristics of 16 pm2 5 bound phthalates paes in ambient air from shanghai profiles sources meteorological effects and exposure risks |
| topic | Seasonal profiles Health risk assessment PM2.5-associated PAEs Temporal variations Source identification |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220465 |
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