Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars
While the effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on crops have been extensively studied, cultivar-specific responses and impacts under higher CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (>800 μmol/mol) remain unclear. Here, we addressed these two aspects to rev...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Yue Zhang Chaoyong Kang Shan Lin Zaijun Yang Yichao Wu Shuhong Wei |
| author_facet | Yue Zhang Chaoyong Kang Shan Lin Zaijun Yang Yichao Wu Shuhong Wei |
| author_sort | Yue Zhang |
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| description | While the effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on crops have been extensively studied, cultivar-specific responses and impacts under higher CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (>800 μmol/mol) remain unclear. Here, we addressed these two aspects to reveal the effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> (approximately 900 μmol/mol) on the yield and quality of three wheat cultivars, Chinese spring (CS), Chuanmai 44 and Neimai 9. The results indicated the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUEi) of the three cultivars significantly increased under 900 μmol/mol CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> increased the hundred-grain weight (HGW) of Chuanmai 44 (+32.51%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and Neimai 9 (+8.47% <i>p</i> < 0.05), but had little effect on HGW of CS. CO<sub>2</sub> elevation significantly increased the N content in the grain of CS (+7.27%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> enhanced amino acid biosynthesis in CS but suppressed it in Chuanmai 44 and Neimai 9. No significant changes in grain mineral concentrations occurred in CS and Chuanmai 44 under eCO<sub>2</sub> conditions. Neimai 9 demonstrated significant decreases in K and Mg, with non-significant reductions in other elements. The effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> on grain yield and quality were closely linked to cultivars. This study will provide insights for understanding effects of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and cultivar interactions on crop growth and selecting wheat cultivar to cope with future climate change. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea0a4a14a6d24dc08cb545bbb8d74be32025-08-20T02:24:04ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-05-01156135910.3390/agronomy15061359Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat CultivarsYue Zhang0Chaoyong Kang1Shan Lin2Zaijun Yang3Yichao Wu4Shuhong Wei5College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, ChinaGuangyuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangyuan 628017, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, ChinaWhile the effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on crops have been extensively studied, cultivar-specific responses and impacts under higher CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (>800 μmol/mol) remain unclear. Here, we addressed these two aspects to reveal the effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> (approximately 900 μmol/mol) on the yield and quality of three wheat cultivars, Chinese spring (CS), Chuanmai 44 and Neimai 9. The results indicated the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUEi) of the three cultivars significantly increased under 900 μmol/mol CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> increased the hundred-grain weight (HGW) of Chuanmai 44 (+32.51%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and Neimai 9 (+8.47% <i>p</i> < 0.05), but had little effect on HGW of CS. CO<sub>2</sub> elevation significantly increased the N content in the grain of CS (+7.27%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> enhanced amino acid biosynthesis in CS but suppressed it in Chuanmai 44 and Neimai 9. No significant changes in grain mineral concentrations occurred in CS and Chuanmai 44 under eCO<sub>2</sub> conditions. Neimai 9 demonstrated significant decreases in K and Mg, with non-significant reductions in other elements. The effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> on grain yield and quality were closely linked to cultivars. This study will provide insights for understanding effects of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and cultivar interactions on crop growth and selecting wheat cultivar to cope with future climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1359net photosynthetic ratetranspiration ratestomatal conductanceintrinsic water use efficiencygrain sizeamino acid content |
| spellingShingle | Yue Zhang Chaoyong Kang Shan Lin Zaijun Yang Yichao Wu Shuhong Wei Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars Agronomy net photosynthetic rate transpiration rate stomatal conductance intrinsic water use efficiency grain size amino acid content |
| title | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars |
| title_full | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars |
| title_short | Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars |
| title_sort | effects of elevated co sub 2 sub on grain yield and quality in different wheat cultivars |
| topic | net photosynthetic rate transpiration rate stomatal conductance intrinsic water use efficiency grain size amino acid content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1359 |
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